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PATH RANDOM FACTS > Most common... > Flashcards

Most common... Flashcards

1
Q

Most common tumour in children

A

Primary CNS tumours

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2
Q

Most common primary CNS tumour

A

Non-malignant meningioma

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3
Q

Most common malignant primary CNS tumour

A

Glioblastoma

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4
Q

Most common skin cancer

A

Basal cell carcinoma

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5
Q

Most common bone cancer

A

Osteosarcoma (usually children/young adults)

Codman’s triangle
Sunburst appearance
ALP positive

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6
Q

Most common bone cancer in middle-age/older adults?

A

Chondrosarcoma

Axial skeleton, femur, tibia, pelvis
Lytic lesion with fluffy calcification

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7
Q

Most common cause of dementia?

A

Alzheimer’s

Tau, beta-amyloid

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8
Q

Most common cause of death in under 45s?

A

Trauma

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9
Q

Most common cause of stroke?

A

Cerebral atherosclerosis (infarction accounts for 70-80% of strokes)

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10
Q

Most common type of breast cancer?

A

Invasive breast carcinoma (NST - no specific type)

70-80% of all breast cancers

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11
Q

Most common benign breast tumour?

A

Fibroadenoma

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12
Q

Most common ovarian cancer?

A

Serous cystadenoma

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13
Q

Most common ovarian tumour in younger women?

A

Teratoma (95% = Mature)

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14
Q

Most common endometrial cancer?

A

Endometrioid carcinoma

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15
Q

Most common type of vulval cancer

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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16
Q

Most common tumour of female genital tract?

A

Fibroid

20% of women >35

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17
Q

Most common renal cancer?

A

Renal Cell Carcinoma

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18
Q

Most common cause of acute renal failure?

A

Acute TUBULAR injury/necrosis

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19
Q

Most common type of glomerulonephritis?

A

IgA nephropathy (Berger disease)

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20
Q

Most common bladder tumour?

A

Transitional Cell tumour (urothelial)

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21
Q

Most common bladder tumour in country with liver flukes?

A

SCC

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22
Q

Most common testicular cancer?

A

Seminoma (Most common germ cell tumour)

Radiosensitive (Teratoma is chemosensitive)

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23
Q

Most common prostate cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma

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24
Q

Most common liver cancer?

A

Metastatic adenocarcinoma

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25
Q

Most common benign liver tumour?

A

Haemangioma

26
Q

Most common pancreatic cancer?

A

Ductal adenocarcinoma of pancreas (head of pancreas)

27
Q

Most common cause of acute pancreatitis?

A

Gallstones

28
Q

Most common cause of chronic pancreatitis?

A

Alcohol

29
Q

Most common colorectal cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma

30
Q

Most common oesophageal cancer in developed countries?

A

Adenocarcinoma

31
Q

Most common oesophageal cancer in developing countries?

A

SCC

32
Q

Most common gastric cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma

33
Q

Most common lung cancer?

A

Epithelial - Non-small cell adenocarcinoma

According to lecture: Invasive SCC

34
Q

Most common lung cancer in women and non-smokers?

A

Adenocarcinoma

35
Q

Most common cause of bronchiectasis?

A 
Resp infection (pneumonia, TB, pertussis)
Particularly in Cystic Fibrosis
36
Q

Most common cause of pulmonary oedema?

A

LH failure

37
Q

Most common cause of diffuse alveolar damage?

A 
Adults = ARDS (commonly caused by sepsis)
Children = Hyaline membrane disease of newborn
38
Q

Most common cause of lobar pneumonia?

A

Pneumococci (S. pneumoniae)

39
Q

Most common cause of emphysema?

A

Smoking

2nd = Alpha 1 Antitrypsin def.

40
Q

Most common cause of lung cancer in non-smokers?

A

Asbestos

Asbestos + Smoking = 50 fold increased risk

41
Q

Most common cause of mitral stenosis?

A

Rheumatic Fever

42
Q

Most common cause of mitral/aortic regurg?

A

Infective endocarditis

43
Q

Most common cause of aortic stenosis?

A

Calcification (old age)

44
Q

Most common cause of myocarditis?

A

Viral infection (e.g. influenza, COVID)

45
Q

Most common cause of dilated cardiomyopathy?

A

Coronary artery disease or MI

46
Q

Most common cause of death worldwide?

A

Ischaemic heart disease

47
Q

Leading cause of death in UK for men?

A

Coronary heart disease

48
Q

Leading cause of death in UK for women?

A

Dementia/Alzheimers

49
Q

Top 5 causes of death worldwide?

A
  1. IHD
  2. Stroke
  3. COPD
  4. LRTI
  5. Neonatal conditions
50
Q

Most common thyroid cancer?

A

Papillary

51
Q

Most common cause of Addison’s?

A

Auto-immune

In African it’s TB

52
Q

Most common cause of Cushing’s syndrome?

A

Pituitary adenoma (Cushing’s disease)

53
Q

Most common cause of hypothyroidism in UK?

A

Primary atrophic hypothyroidism

OR Hashimoto’s

54
Q

Most common cause of hypothyroidism worldwide?

A

Iodine deficiency

55
Q

Most common cancers in men in UK?

A
  1. Prostate (just over a quarter - 27%) 1 in 8 men, around 50,000 cases annually
  2. Lung (13%) - 25,000 annual
  3. Bowel (12%)
  4. Head and neck
  5. Kidney
56
Q

Most common cancers in women in UK?

A
  1. Breast (30%) - 1 in 7 women, 55,000 annual cases, 15% of all newly diagnosed cancers
  2. Lung (13%) - 25,000 annual
  3. Bowel (10%)
  4. Uterus
  5. Melanoma
57
Q

Most common cancers in UK? (men and women)

A
  1. Breast - 55,000 (15% of all cancers)
  2. Prostate - 50,000 (14%)
  3. Lung - 48,000 (13%)
  4. Bowel - 42,000 (11%)
  5. Melanoma - 16,000
  6. NHL - 4 in 100 cancers. 14,000
58
Q

Most common cancers worldwide?

A
  1. Breast (2 million, 12.5%)
  2. Lung (2 million, 12%)
  3. Colorectal (1.9 million, 10%)
  4. Prostate (1.4 million, 8%)
59
Q

Most common NHL subtype?

A

Diffuse Large B-cell (DLBC)

60
Q

Most common Hodgkin’s subtype?

A

Nodular sclerosing

61
Q

Most common glial cell?

A

Astrocytes

PATH RANDOM FACTS (5 decks)

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