Most common... Flashcards
Most common tumour in children
Primary CNS tumours
Most common primary CNS tumour
Non-malignant meningioma
Most common malignant primary CNS tumour
Glioblastoma
Most common skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma
Most common bone cancer
Osteosarcoma (usually children/young adults)
Codman’s triangle
Sunburst appearance
ALP positive
Most common bone cancer in middle-age/older adults?
Chondrosarcoma
Axial skeleton, femur, tibia, pelvis
Lytic lesion with fluffy calcification
Most common cause of dementia?
Alzheimer’s
Tau, beta-amyloid
Most common cause of death in under 45s?
Trauma
Most common cause of stroke?
Cerebral atherosclerosis (infarction accounts for 70-80% of strokes)
Most common type of breast cancer?
Invasive breast carcinoma (NST - no specific type)
70-80% of all breast cancers
Most common benign breast tumour?
Fibroadenoma
Most common ovarian cancer?
Serous cystadenoma
Most common ovarian tumour in younger women?
Teratoma (95% = Mature)
Most common endometrial cancer?
Endometrioid carcinoma
Most common type of vulval cancer
Squamous cell carcinoma
Most common tumour of female genital tract?
Fibroid
20% of women >35
Most common renal cancer?
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Most common cause of acute renal failure?
Acute TUBULAR injury/necrosis
Most common type of glomerulonephritis?
IgA nephropathy (Berger disease)
Most common bladder tumour?
Transitional Cell tumour (urothelial)
Most common bladder tumour in country with liver flukes?
SCC
Most common testicular cancer?
Seminoma (Most common germ cell tumour)
Radiosensitive (Teratoma is chemosensitive)
Most common prostate cancer?
Adenocarcinoma
Most common liver cancer?
Metastatic adenocarcinoma
Most common benign liver tumour?
Haemangioma
Most common pancreatic cancer?
Ductal adenocarcinoma of pancreas (head of pancreas)
Most common cause of acute pancreatitis?
Gallstones
Most common cause of chronic pancreatitis?
Alcohol
Most common colorectal cancer?
Adenocarcinoma
Most common oesophageal cancer in developed countries?
Adenocarcinoma
Most common oesophageal cancer in developing countries?
SCC
Most common gastric cancer?
Adenocarcinoma
Most common lung cancer?
Epithelial - Non-small cell adenocarcinoma
According to lecture: Invasive SCC
Most common lung cancer in women and non-smokers?
Adenocarcinoma
Most common cause of bronchiectasis?
Resp infection (pneumonia, TB, pertussis) Particularly in Cystic Fibrosis
Most common cause of pulmonary oedema?
LH failure
Most common cause of diffuse alveolar damage?
Adults = ARDS (commonly caused by sepsis) Children = Hyaline membrane disease of newborn
Most common cause of lobar pneumonia?
Pneumococci (S. pneumoniae)
Most common cause of emphysema?
Smoking
2nd = Alpha 1 Antitrypsin def.
Most common cause of lung cancer in non-smokers?
Asbestos
Asbestos + Smoking = 50 fold increased risk
Most common cause of mitral stenosis?
Rheumatic Fever
Most common cause of mitral/aortic regurg?
Infective endocarditis
Most common cause of aortic stenosis?
Calcification (old age)
Most common cause of myocarditis?
Viral infection (e.g. influenza, COVID)
Most common cause of dilated cardiomyopathy?
Coronary artery disease or MI
Most common cause of death worldwide?
Ischaemic heart disease
Leading cause of death in UK for men?
Coronary heart disease
Leading cause of death in UK for women?
Dementia/Alzheimers
Top 5 causes of death worldwide?
- IHD
- Stroke
- COPD
- LRTI
- Neonatal conditions
Most common thyroid cancer?
Papillary
Most common cause of Addison’s?
Auto-immune
In African it’s TB
Most common cause of Cushing’s syndrome?
Pituitary adenoma (Cushing’s disease)
Most common cause of hypothyroidism in UK?
Primary atrophic hypothyroidism
OR Hashimoto’s
Most common cause of hypothyroidism worldwide?
Iodine deficiency
Most common cancers in men in UK?
- Prostate (just over a quarter - 27%) 1 in 8 men, around 50,000 cases annually
- Lung (13%) - 25,000 annual
- Bowel (12%)
- Head and neck
- Kidney
Most common cancers in women in UK?
- Breast (30%) - 1 in 7 women, 55,000 annual cases, 15% of all newly diagnosed cancers
- Lung (13%) - 25,000 annual
- Bowel (10%)
- Uterus
- Melanoma
Most common cancers in UK? (men and women)
- Breast - 55,000 (15% of all cancers)
- Prostate - 50,000 (14%)
- Lung - 48,000 (13%)
- Bowel - 42,000 (11%)
- Melanoma - 16,000
- NHL - 4 in 100 cancers. 14,000
Most common cancers worldwide?
- Breast (2 million, 12.5%)
- Lung (2 million, 12%)
- Colorectal (1.9 million, 10%)
- Prostate (1.4 million, 8%)
Most common NHL subtype?
Diffuse Large B-cell (DLBC)
Most common Hodgkin’s subtype?
Nodular sclerosing
Most common glial cell?
Astrocytes
