Most attempts Flashcards
Atenolol
a beta blocker; slows AV nodal conduction to decrease the ventricular response rate to afib
Procainamide
a class 1a anti-arrhythmic; used in attempts to convert afib to a NSR; but rarely effective
Diltiazem
a Ca channel blocker and can be used to slow AV nodal conduction and ventricular response rate
Digoxin
increases vagal tone to the AV node to slow conduction and decrease HR
Isoproterenol
non-specific beta receptor agonist; increases ventricular rate in response to afib
In Afib, what drug should you not reach for and why?
Isoproterenol; itll up your ventricular rate in response to afib- which we dont need!
A horse ingests JIMSONWEED which contains SCOPOLAMINE- what is the tx of choice?
Physostigmine
What enzyme do you test for to diagnose selenium deficiency?
glutathione peroxidase
What is diazepam implicated in causing in cats?
acute fulminant hepatic necrosis; greatest risk when administered repeatedly and orally; this happens because metabolism of the drug happens in the liver and creates toxic metabolites; and if the cat is glutathione deficieny, they are at an increased risk
what drug has been implicated in causing acute renal failure in horses?
phenylbutazone; its an NSAID; another big category is aminoglycosides
after a tibial plateau leveling ostetomy, what will still be present
cranial drawer because you never have a CCL
what is the equation for PPV?
A/(A+B)
what is the % that blood constitutes in BW(kg) in a cow?
7-8%
how many blood groups do cattle have
11
which blood groups in cattle have the greatest clinical relevancy?
B and J
What is the causative agent of salmon poisioning (in dogs)?
Neorickettsia helminthoeca; but it is carried by the fluke, Nanophyetus salmincola, which requires the snail, Oxytrema silicula
what is a major cause of miliary dermatitis in cats
flea allergy dermatitis
how would a cat look with miliairy dermatitis?
crusted papules along the cat’s neck and back, as well as severe pruritis
what agent do you use to sedate a fish; withdrawal time?
Tricaine methanesulfonate (MS 222); 21d withdrawal
Phenobarbital - most common side effect
sedation
In a Macaw- what would one expect clinically with proventricular dilation syndrome
regurgitation, weight loss with a good appetite, polyuria, and passage of undigested seeds
What is the most appropriate treatment for transitional cell carcinoma at the trigone of the bladder (dogs)
Piroxicam and carboplatin
What is oligozoospermatism
less than the normal number of spermatozoa in semen
what pathologies could cause oligozoospermatism in a stallion (3)?
testicular degeneration, testicular hypoplasia, old age
what are some tx for hyperkalemia?
calcium gluconate, calcium chloride, insulin and glucose
what is the mean circulating life span of a cat RBC
68d
what is the mean circulating life span of a dog RBC
110d
You see a kid goat (10-12 blocks) that has developed a high fever, swollen and painful joints, and respiratory signs including tachypnea and dyspnea. what are we thinking?
mycoplasma mycoides ssp mycoides
what agent causes mycoplasma mastitis in cattle?
mycoplasma bovis
what would a cecal displacement or torsion feel like on a rectal exam in a cow?
a loaf of bread just cranial to the pelvis
when do we use hyposensitization treatments in dogs?
for atopy (environmental allergies)
What is the causative agent of fowl cholera
gram neg Pasteurella multocida
On postmortem exam of a chicken with fowl cholera, what could one expect to see in abd organs?
vascular hyperemia
Why does “Infectious laryngotracheitis virus” in chickens have a latent phase?
because its a herpesvirus! latent phase in neural tissue
What is the optimal treatment and management of Gasterophilus spp in equine?
prompt removal of feces and administer ivermectin 2x annually, once in the early summer and again in the fall
What signalment of rabbit do we commonly see a uterine adenocarcinoma in?
80% incidence among intact females–New Zealand White rabbit
T or F: Rabbits are induced ovulators
TRUE
What are the causative agents of gangrenous mastitis in ewes?
Mannheimia spp and Staph aureus
define crichpharyngeal achalasia
the pharyngeoesophageal sphincter fails to relax
what is the causative agent (bacterial) for canine monocytic ehrlichiosis?
Ehrlichia canis
T or F: Some of the genes can transfer from a bird strain to a human strain, thus producing a much more virulent strain that can affect humans
true
what is the tx for deep digital flexor tendon contracture?
distal check desmotomy and corrective shoeing
what values would we expect to see on chemistry in a bird with egg yolk peritonitis
heterophilia, increased AST, CK, and fibrinogen
what condition is associated with excess dietary calcium and vit D in young horses?
osteochondrosis
what is the most common serum elecrtolyte abnormalities in a foal with uroperitoneum
hyperkalemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia; the urine is high in potassium and low in sodium and chloride, thus when uroabdomen occurs, the electrolytes equilibrate between the serum and abd fluid
Avian fowl pox: what are the two forms
A) nodules and scabs that on the comb, wattles, feet, and vent
B) diptheritic membrane in the mouth and pharynx
what is the best treatment for a flock with avian fowl pox
control mosquito populations and vaccinate chicks or replacement chickens with a single immunization against avian pox
what does activated charcoal effectively bind
nicotine
In a cow with LDA, what is expected temp, pulse, and RR
normal
what is the expected intraocular pressure in a dog with acute anterior uveitis? why
6 mmHg; in acute case;. in chronic cases, there is glaucoma and high pressures
What kind of lesions or pathologies can we expect when cows eat lupine (ie. lukine alkaloids)
fetal teratogenic: “crooked calf” (arthrogryposis) or cleft palate
what happens when cows ingest pyrrolizidine alkaloids?
liver shit
what happens when cows ingest large amount of brackern fern
bone marrow suppression
what is a predisposing factor for prolapse in a bird that only eats seeds?
calcium deficiency
number the dog’s toes and explicity say how the counting starts (medial or lateral
numbered from 1 to 5 starting medially with small 1st metacarpal that is associated with the dewclaw
what ab is contraindicated for use in guinea pigs
streptomycin
what does Amphotericin B (an antifungal) act on?
fungal cell membrane
what is amphotericin B (an antifungal) toxic to (organ)
kidneys
on radiographs of a SA, what would be depicted, or associated with, for a pleural effusion?
severe loss of detail to the thorax and retraction of the lung lobes
what is a clinical sign of horner’s in a horse
sweating on the ipsilateral head and neck; and then also, enopthalmos, ptosis, and miosis, prolapsed 3rd eyelid
a turtle’s eyelids are markedly swollen due to palpebral edema and nasal discharge. what would be really helpful to know to help determine the etiology of these clinical signs
the turtle’s diet; the signs are associated with Vit a deficiency; this vit is an antioxidant and is super important for proper function of the eyes, skin, and mm.
Number and distribution of lung lobes in the D and C
6- L (cr, cau), R(cra, middle, cau, and acc)
what are soft ticks associated with in horses?
uncommonly associated with muscle tremors; as compared to hard ticks which carry bacterial infections
what is monitored when a dog is being treated with mitotane (op-DDD)?
inappetance
Diabetes insipidus refers to lack of production or response to…
vasopressin; central refers to lack of RELEASE of vasopressin by the posterior pit gland, while nephrogenic refers to inappropriate response to vasopressin
Goats: first started on pregnant does, now most of the herd is affected to varying degress; papules and nodules along the face, neck, and/or udder, non-pruritic; feed consumption and milk production remains normal. what are we thinking?
Demodex caprae
what is the most common source of campylobacter infection in humans
undercooked chicken
explain hyposensitization therapy for atopy
injecting progressively increasing amounts of known allergens into the patient in order to gradually increase their tolerance of the allergens without developing clinical signs
What finding in blood or tissues would diagnose fowl cholera?
gram negative bacteria in blood or tissues; coupled with vascular hyperemia of the abdominal organs
what do we sedate fish with?
MS 222 (Tricaine methanesulfonate)
what is the underlying virus assc with psittacine beak and feather disease?
circovirus; PCR probe of whole blood for this
what is hydrops allantois (hydroallantois)
its a disorder of the placenta; rapid accumulation of 100-200 liters of watery, clear fluid during the last trimester; prognosis for the fetus is guarded and the cow will as a result be infertile
a 2d old jack russell terrier presents on emergency basis for lethargy and decreased suckling. what is the most likely diagnosis?
hypoglycemia
what drugs can we use for a strongyle infestation in a horse?
ivermectin, fenbendazole, oxibendazole
if an dog is clinically okay, but on cardiac auscultation presents with a 2/6 left systolic mumur over the heart (everything else wnl): (1) what is the likely cardiac condition and (2) does it need meds
myxomatous mitral valve degeneration and no, not currently
T or F: Cats can be asymptomatic carries of ringwom
true
what ratio should you asses on chemistry when suspicious of hypoadrenocorticism
Na:K ratio; below 27:1
what virus causes hairy shaker lambs
border disease virus; a pestivirus
if an anesthesized patient enters an acidotic state, how can one intervene?
increase the rate of mechanical ventilation
How can we distinguish infectious laryngotracheitis from the diptheric form of fowl pox?
intranuclear inclusion bodies in the tracheal epithelium
in what commercial species is it standard practice to use AI in?
turkies
which fatty acid is really good at decreasing inflammation?
Omega-3s! (omega 6 is good for coat quality)
what are the two common types of ureteroliths and uroliths in the horse?
calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate
what is the tx for tuberculosis in cattle
cull/slaughter
what are the typical clinical signs associated with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis?
upper resp tract signs (loud hacking cough, sneezing, fever, anorexia, open mouth breathing, and mucopurulent nasal discharge) and white plaques on the conjunctiva and nasal epithelium
What drug is approved for treating acute respiratory disease in food animals?
Ceftofur
what is so scary about staph food poisoning?
the strains of bacteria that cause it make a heat-stable enterotoxin
How do you rid a dairy herd of Leptospira interrogans serovar Hardjo?
treat all animals with tetracycline to eliminate carriers and regularly vaccinate all cattle against the serovar
if we are suspicious of swine influenza virus, what samples should we collect ?
nasal swabs from aborted sows; it is not found in blood or the aborted fetuses
what is a potential side effect of L-asparaginase?
anaphylaxis (vomit intractably, dx, weak, unable to get up)
What is a potential side effect of vincristine
vx, dx, but takes a few days to start (as compated to l-asparaginase)
