Mosses & Ferns Flashcards
What is the asexual stage of alternation of generations?
Sporophyte.
What is the sexual stage of alternation of generations?
Gametophyte.
What is the female part of a moss plant called?
Archegonia.
What is the male part of a moss plant called?
Antheridium.
What is the stalk that grows out of the moss gametophyte to form the sporophyte called?
The seta is the long stem that is attached to the gametophyte.
What holds moss spores, and releases them after becoming haploid?
The capsule holds the spores at the top of the seta. The operculum opens like a trapdoor to release the spores.
What process do moss spores undergo before being released from the capsule?
Moss sperm in the diploid stage undergoes meiosis and becomes haploid. (The spores split).
What abiotic factor is essential to the gametophyte stage of moss reproduction?
Water for the sperm to swim through.
What happens to moss spores after being released from the capsule?
They grow into female and male parts of moss plants (archegonia and antheridium).
Is moss sporophyte or gametophyte dominant?
Moss is gametophyte dominant, meaning for the majority of moss’s life cycle, it is in the gametophyte stage.
Are ferns sporophyte or gametophyte dominant?
Ferns are sporophyte dominant, meaning for the majority of their life cycle they are in the sporophyte stage.
What is the most significant adaptation for a land plant’s survival?
The ability to retain water (via a waxy cuticle) and store it (storage cells).
What does a vascular plant have that non-vascular plants do not?
Vascular plants have vascular tissues called xylem and phloem.
What are the major physical differences between vascular and non-vascular plants?
Vascular plants have xylem and phloem, vascular tissues. These give them more structure, and the ability to grow taller than their non-vascular counterparts.
What purpose do xylem and phloem serve?
These vascular tissues are responsible for cycling nutrients and water throughout a plant.
Is phloem living or non-living?
Living.
Is xylem living or non-living?
Non-living.
What does xylem do?
Xylem transports water and nutrients from the roots of a plant to the rest of it.
What does phloem do?
It transports sugars and other nutrients from the leaves to the rest of the plant.
Moss lack these traits that ferns do have:
- Waxy cuticle
- Sporotphyte dominant
- Vascular tissues
Moss and ferns are both:
Non-seed bearing land plants.
On a fern, sori are:
Clusters of sporangia containing spores.
The roots of a fern grow horizontally. This is called a:
Rhizoid.
True or false: the sporophyte of moss grows out of the gametophyte.
True.
Ferns and mosses are both a part of the kingdom:
Plantae.
Why is there a significant evolutionary advantage to land plants ability to hold structure?
They are able to better compete for sunlight.
