Mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit

Question 1

What is the family name for mosquitoes?

Answer 1

Family Culicidae

Question 2

What are the most important mosquitos in the 2 sub families? 5

Answer 2

Anopheles, culex, aedes, mansonia and ocherotatus

Question 3

What diseases do anopheles mosquitoes carry?

Answer 3

malaria and filariasis

Question 4

What diseases do culex mozzies carry?

Answer 4

filariasis and arboviruses

Question 5

what diseases do aedes mozzies carry?

Answer 5

arboviruses

Question 6

what diseases do mansonia mozzies carry?

Answer 6

filariasis

Question 7

what diseases do ochlerotatus mozzies carry?

Answer 7

filariasis and encephalitis

Question 8

what sub fam of mozzies carry filariasis?

Answer 8

anopheles, culex, mansonia and ochlerotatus

Question 9

what sub fam of mozzies carry arboviruses?

Answer 9

culex and aedes

Question 10

what sub fam of mozzies carry encephalitis?

Answer 10

ochlerotatus

Question 11

What are two points for recognition about culicidae mosquitoes?

Answer 11

• prominent forward projecting proboscis with palps which are held straight forwards, not pendulous
• scales on body legs and wings providing colouration

Question 12

what size are culcidae mozzies?

Answer 12

small average 4-6mm

Question 13

draw and label the proboscis

Answer 13

antenna, palp, mandible, maxilla, labrum/hypopharynx, labium then labella

Question 14

What is the difference in male and female mosquitoes?

Answer 14

PLUMOSE antennae in males and PILOSE antenna in females

Question 15

What is plumose and pilose?

Answer 15

plumose antennae in dudes, pilose antennae in chicks, plumose is feathery and pilose is fine hairy

Question 16

What are 4 facts about the female reproductive system?

Answer 16

1)they need a blood meal to develop their eggs 2)there are a pair of ovaries and 2 accessory glands 3)along with 1-3 spermathecae (where sperm is stored after mating) 4)mosquitoes only mate once

Question 17

What are anopheline eggs ultrastructure?

Answer 17

laid on water surface and equipped w/floats

Question 18

what are culex egg structure?

Answer 18

laid in rafts on water surface

Question 19

what are aedes egg structure?

Answer 19

singly on water or damp surface

Question 20

define instars

Answer 20

larvae stage between moults

Question 21

what is the life cycle of the mosquito? 5 technical stages

Answer 21

1)adult 2)egg - 4 instars - 3)larvar 4)pupa 5)emerging adult

Question 22

what are the 2 mozzie sub fams

Answer 22

anophelines and culcines

Question 23

what are the differentiating factors between anophelines and culcines?

Answer 23

eggs and larval position, adult position, palps

Question 24

what is the difference between the two sub families palps?

Answer 24

ANOPHELINE: m=long clubbed palp f=long simple palp CULCINE: m=long simple palp f=v short palp

Question 25

What sub family are a major vector of arbovirus and also filariasis?

Answer 25

culcines

Question 26

what are 4 reasons for arbovirus resurgence?

Answer 26

- uncontrolled urbanization - increased human movement - habitat modification bringing into contact diff diseases, vector and host species (mixing it all up son) - lack of effective control, there is a concentration on emergency spraying not source reduction

Question 27

What are the habitats and breeding sites of aedes mozzies?

Answer 27

habitats from salt water to fresh water, and the breeding sites are ground pool or containers

Question 28

WHO estimation of yellow fever deaths?

Answer 28

30,000 yearly

Question 29

What is the difference between yellow fever in the americas and yellow fever in africa?

Answer 29

monkeys die in americas, don't in africa

Question 30

Give three examples of breeding sites

Answer 30

marshes, rice fields and cow hoof prints

Question 31

How long is intrinsic incubation of the arbovirus in the human host?

Answer 31

3-4 days

Question 32

what is called when the arbovirus gets in the peripheral blood?

Answer 32

viraemic

Question 33

how many days does the viraemia last?

Answer 33

3 days, but is capable of infecting a susceptible vector

Question 34

where does extrensic incubation of arbovirus occur?

Answer 34

in the vector as the virus passes across the gut cells and travels in the harmocoel to the salivary glands - which is where viral multiplication takes place

Question 35

how many days does the extrinsic cycle last?

Answer 35

5-30

Question 36

How many fatalities does dengue fever cause a year?

Answer 36

600,000

Question 37

What is chikungunya carried by and some of the symptoms/prognosis

Answer 37

Aedes, joint pain/headache and recovery in days/months for the elderly

Question 38

what is THE main vector for filariasis?

Answer 38

culex