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Human Parasitology > Mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit > Flashcards

Mosquitoes and the diseases they transmit Flashcards

1
Q

What is the family name for mosquitoes?

A

Family Culicidae

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2
Q

What are the most important mosquitos in the 2 sub families? 5

A

Anopheles, culex, aedes, mansonia and ocherotatus

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3
Q

What diseases do anopheles mosquitoes carry?

A

malaria and filariasis

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4
Q

What diseases do culex mozzies carry?

A

filariasis and arboviruses

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5
Q

what diseases do aedes mozzies carry?

A

arboviruses

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6
Q

what diseases do mansonia mozzies carry?

A

filariasis

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7
Q

what diseases do ochlerotatus mozzies carry?

A

filariasis and encephalitis

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8
Q

what sub fam of mozzies carry filariasis?

A

anopheles, culex, mansonia and ochlerotatus

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9
Q

what sub fam of mozzies carry arboviruses?

A

culex and aedes

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10
Q

what sub fam of mozzies carry encephalitis?

A

ochlerotatus

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11
Q

What are two points for recognition about culicidae mosquitoes?

A
  • prominent forward projecting proboscis with palps which are held straight forwards, not pendulous
  • scales on body legs and wings providing colouration
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12
Q

what size are culcidae mozzies?

A

small average 4-6mm

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13
Q

draw and label the proboscis

A

antenna, palp, mandible, maxilla, labrum/hypopharynx, labium then labella

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14
Q

What is the difference in male and female mosquitoes?

A

PLUMOSE antennae in males and PILOSE antenna in females

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15
Q

What is plumose and pilose?

A

plumose antennae in dudes, pilose antennae in chicks, plumose is feathery and pilose is fine hairy

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16
Q

What are 4 facts about the female reproductive system?

A

1)they need a blood meal to develop their eggs 2)there are a pair of ovaries and 2 accessory glands 3)along with 1-3 spermathecae (where sperm is stored after mating) 4)mosquitoes only mate once

17
Q

What are anopheline eggs ultrastructure?

A

laid on water surface and equipped w/floats

18
Q

what are culex egg structure?

A

laid in rafts on water surface

19
Q

what are aedes egg structure?

A

singly on water or damp surface

20
Q

define instars

A

larvae stage between moults

21
Q

what is the life cycle of the mosquito? 5 technical stages

A

1)adult 2)egg - 4 instars - 3)larvar 4)pupa 5)emerging adult

22
Q

what are the 2 mozzie sub fams

A

anophelines and culcines

23
Q

what are the differentiating factors between anophelines and culcines?

A

eggs and larval position, adult position, palps

24
Q

what is the difference between the two sub families palps?

A

ANOPHELINE: m=long clubbed palp f=long simple palp CULCINE: m=long simple palp f=v short palp

25
Q

What sub family are a major vector of arbovirus and also filariasis?

A

culcines

26
Q

what are 4 reasons for arbovirus resurgence?

A
  • uncontrolled urbanization
  • increased human movement
  • habitat modification bringing into contact diff diseases, vector and host species (mixing it all up son)
  • lack of effective control, there is a concentration on emergency spraying not source reduction
27
Q

What are the habitats and breeding sites of aedes mozzies?

A

habitats from salt water to fresh water, and the breeding sites are ground pool or containers

28
Q

WHO estimation of yellow fever deaths?

A

30,000 yearly

29
Q

What is the difference between yellow fever in the americas and yellow fever in africa?

A

monkeys die in americas, don’t in africa

30
Q

Give three examples of breeding sites

A

marshes, rice fields and cow hoof prints

31
Q

How long is intrinsic incubation of the arbovirus in the human host?

A

3-4 days

32
Q

what is called when the arbovirus gets in the peripheral blood?

A

viraemic

33
Q

how many days does the viraemia last?

A

3 days, but is capable of infecting a susceptible vector

34
Q

where does extrensic incubation of arbovirus occur?

A

in the vector as the virus passes across the gut cells and travels in the harmocoel to the salivary glands - which is where viral multiplication takes place

35
Q

how many days does the extrinsic cycle last?

A

5-30

36
Q

How many fatalities does dengue fever cause a year?

A

600,000

37
Q

What is chikungunya carried by and some of the symptoms/prognosis

A

Aedes, joint pain/headache and recovery in days/months for the elderly

38
Q

what is THE main vector for filariasis?

A

culex

Human Parasitology (9 decks)

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