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LECOM PBL exam 1 > MOSBYs > Flashcards

MOSBYs Flashcards

1
Q

what drugs may increase serum CO2 and HCO3-

A

aldosterone, barbiturates, bicarbonates, ethacrynic acid, hydrocortisone, loop diuretics, mercurial diuretics, steroids

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2
Q

what drugs may decrease CO2

A

methicillin, nitrofurantoin, paraldehyde, tetracycline, diuretics, triamterene

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3
Q

what are signs of hypochloremia

A

hyper excitability of nervous system and muscles, shallow breathing, hypotension, and tetany

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4
Q

what are signs of hyperchloremia

A

lethargy, weakness, and deep breathing

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5
Q

what are drugs that may increase serum chloride

A

acetazolamide, ammonium chloride, androgens, chlorothiazide, cortisone preparations, estrogens, guanethidine, hydrochlorothiazide, methyldopa, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

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6
Q

what drugs may decrease blood chloride

A

aldosterone, bicarbonates, corticosteroids, cortisone, hydrocortisone, loop diuretics, thiazide diurettics, triamterene

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7
Q

what is the normal BUN ratio

A

between 6-25 with ideal at 15.5

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8
Q

what drugs may increase creatine

A

ACE inhibitors, ahminoglycosides, cimetidine, heavy metal chemotherapeutic agents, and other nephrotoxic drugs such as cephalosporins

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9
Q

what drugs may increase blood glucose levels

A

antidepressants, antipsychotics, beta-adrenergic blocking agents, corticosteroids, cyclosporine, IV dextrose infusion, dextrothyroxine, diazoxide, diuretics, epinephrine, estrogens, glucagon, isoniazid, lithium, niacin, phenothiazines, phenytoin, salicylates, triamterene

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10
Q

what is the normal intracellular potassium concentration

A

150 mEq/L

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11
Q

what is the normal serum potassium concentration

A

4 mEq/L

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12
Q

what are signs of hyperkalemia

A

irritability, nausea, vomiting, intestinal colic, diarrhea

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13
Q

what are signs of hypokalemia

A

decrease in contractility of smooth, skeletal and cardiac muscle

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14
Q

what are some drugs that may increase potassium level

A

aminocaproic acid, antibiotics, antineoplastic drugs, captopril, epinephrine, heparin, histamine, isoniazid, lithium, mannitol, potassium-sparing diuretics, potassium supplements and succinylcholine

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15
Q

what drugs may decrease potassium level

A

acetazolamide, aminosalicyclic acid, glucose infusions, amphotericin B, carbenicillin, cisplatin, diuretics, insulin, laxatives, lithium carbonate, penicillin G sodium, phenothiazines, salicyclates (aspirin)

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16
Q

what drugs may increase sodium level

A

anabolic steroids, antibiotics, carbenicillin, clonidine, corticosteroids, cough medicines, estrogens, laxatives, methyldopa, and oral contraceptives

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17
Q

what drugs may decrease sodium level

A

ACE inhibitors, captopril, carbamazepine, diuretics, haloperidol, heparin non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, sodium free IV fluids, sulfonylureas, triamterene, tricyclic antidepressants and vasopressin

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18
Q

what drugs may increase BUN

A

allopurinol, ahminoglycosides, cephalosporins, nephrotoxic drugs, propranolol, rifampin, spironolactone, tetracyclines, thiazide diuretics, triamterene

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19
Q

drugs that may decrease BUN

A

chloramphenicol and streptomycin

20
Q

what is the normal value for hematocrit in a male

A

42-52%

21
Q

what is the normal value for hematocrit in female

A

37-47%

22
Q

what drugs may decrease hematocrit

A

chloramphenicol and penicillin

23
Q

what do decreased values of hemoglobin indicate

A

anemia

24
Q

what do increased levels of hemoglobin indicate

A

erythrocytosis

25
Q

what drugs may increase hemoglobin levels

A

gentamicin and methyldopa

26
Q

what drugs may decrease hemoglobin

A

antibiotics, antineoplastic drugs, aspirin, indomethacin, rifampin and sulfonamides

27
Q

what drugs may increase platelet count

A

estrogens and oral contraceptives

28
Q

what is the normal RBC count for males

A

4.7-6.1

29
Q

what is the normal RBC count for females

A

4.2-5.4

30
Q

what drugs may increase RBC count

A

erythropoietin and gentamicin

31
Q

what does MCV stand for

A

mean corpuscular volume

32
Q

how do you calculate MCV

A

(hematocrit % X 10)/RBC

33
Q

what does MCH stand for

A

mean corpuscular hemoglobin

34
Q

how do you calculate MCH

A

(hemoglobin X 10)/RBC

35
Q

what does MCHC stand for

A

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

36
Q

how do you calculate MCHC

A

(hemoglobin X 100)/ hematocrit

37
Q

what drugs may increase MCV

A

azathioprine, phenytoin, and zidovudine

38
Q

what disorder is a 3 q trisomy

A

cornelia de lange

39
Q

what is the syndrome associated with X centromere dislocation

A

roberts

40
Q

what are the syndromes associated with philadelphia chromosomal abnormality

A

chronic myelogenous leukemia and acute myelogenous leukemia

41
Q

drugs that cause false positive HcG tests

A

anti-convulsants, antiparkinsonian drugs, hypnotics, and tranquilizers

42
Q

what drugs give false negatives for HcG tests

A

diuretics and promethazine

43
Q

what is tested with a double test maternal screen

A

measure hCG and alpha-fetoprotein

44
Q

what is tested with a triple test maternal screen

A

measure hCG, AFP and estriol

45
Q

what is tested with a quadruple test maternal screen

A

measures hCG, AFP, estriol and inhibin A

46
Q

what normally secretes inhibin A

A

granulosa cells

47
Q

what is included in a fully integrated maternal screen

A

measures AFP, estriol, fetal nuchal translucency, beta and total hCG and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A

LECOM PBL exam 1 (4 decks)

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