Morphololgy

Question 1

affix

Answer 1

an additional element placed at the beginning or end of a root, stem, word, or in the body of a word, to modify its meaning

Question 2

affixation

Answer 2

morphological process whereby an affix is attached to a root or stem

Question 3

agglutinating language

Answer 3

type of synthetic language with morphology that primarily uses agglutination: words contain different morphemes to determine their meaning, but each of these morphemes remains in every aspect unchanged after their union, resulting in generally easier deducible word meanings if compared to fusional languages, which allow modifications in either or both the phonetics or spelling of one or more morphemes within a word, generally for shortening the word on behalf of an easier pronunciation.

Question 4

allomorph

Answer 4

variant of a morpheme

Question 5

alternation

Answer 5

phenomenon of a phoneme or morpheme exhibiting variation in its phonological realization

Question 6

ambiguity

Answer 6

two or more words that sound the same but have different meanings

Question 7

analytic language

Answer 7

a language that conveys grammatical relationships without using inflectional morphemes

Question 8

prefix

Answer 8

affix placed before the root of a word

Question 9

root

Answer 9

core meaning in a word

Question 10

compounding

Answer 10

creating a new word by combining two or more existing words

Question 11

conjuntion

Answer 11

word used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause

Question 12

content morpheme

Answer 12

unctional morpheme (as opposed to a content morpheme) is a morpheme which simply modifies the meaning of the word, rather than supplying the root meaning of the word

Question 13

infix

Answer 13

morpheme inserted inside of a word, ex. “that’s fan-FREAKING-tastic”

Question 14

derivation

Answer 14

word-formation process by which a new word is built from a stem - usually through the addition of an affix - that changes the word class and/or basic meaning of the word (from teach (verb) to teach -er (noun

Question 15

determiner

Answer 15

modifying word that determines the kind of reference a noun or noun group has, for example a, the, every

Question 16

form

Answer 16

underlying representation (UR) or underlying form (UF) of a word or morpheme is the abstract form that a word or morpheme is postulated to have before any phonological rules have applied to it

Question 17

function morpheme

Answer 17

orpheme which simply modifies the meaning of the word, rather than supplying the root meaning of the word

Question 18

fusional language

Answer 18

a language in which one form of a morpheme can simultaneously encode several meanings

Question 19

hierarchical structure

Answer 19

Describes a series of increasingly smaller regions of a phonological utterance, each nested within the next highest region

Question 20

homophony

Answer 20

The linguistic phenomenon whereby words of different origins become identical in pronunciation

Question 21

incorporation

Answer 21

The inclusion of the object or object reference within the inflected verb form, a type of word-formation frequent in American Indian languages

Question 22

morphology

Answer 22

system of categories and rules involved in word formation and interpretation

Question 23

output

Answer 23

produce and send out

Question 24

partial reduplication

Answer 24

Occurs only with bases (root words) which begin with a consonant

Question 25

inflection

Answer 25

the change of form that words undergo to mark such distinctions as those of case, gender, number, tense, person, mood, or voice

Question 26

input

Answer 26

contribution of information, ideas, opinions, or the like

Question 27

preposition

Answer 27

a word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the clause

Question 28

productive

Answer 28

the degree to which native speakers use a particular grammatical process, especially in word formation

Question 29

pronoun

Answer 29

a word that takes the place of a noun

Question 30

reduplicant

Answer 30

the element that is added to the base as a result of a reduplication operation

Question 31

reduplication

Answer 31

the element that is added to the base as a result of a reduplication operation

Question 32

simultaneous affix

Answer 32

an affix is articulated at the same time as some other affix or affixes in a word’s stem; exists only in visual-gestural languages

Question 33

stem

Answer 33

long and thin supportive or main section of something

Question 34

suppletion

Answer 34

occurrence of an unrelated form to fill a gap in a conjugation

Question 35

bound root

Answer 35

a root which cannot occur as a separate word apart from any other morpheme

Question 36

closed lexical category

Answer 36

a linguistic category of words (or more precisely lexical items), which is generally defined by the syntactic or morphological behaviour of the lexical item in question

Question 37

content word

Answer 37

words that have meaning. They can be compared to grammatical words, which are structural. Nouns, main verbs, adjectives and adverbs are usually content words

Question 38

free morpheme

Answer 38

morpheme that can be a word by itself

Question 39

function word

Answer 39

word whose purpose is more to signal grammatical relationship than the lexical meaning of a sentence

Question 40

lexical category

Answer 40

a syntactic category for elements that are part of the lexicon of a languag

Question 41

lexicon

Answer 41

peaker’s mental dictionary, which contains information about the syntactic properties, meaning, and phonological representation of a language’s words

Question 42

morpheme

Answer 42

the smallest unit of language that carries information about meaning or function

Question 43

open lexical category

Answer 43

constantly acquire new members, and closed word classes, which acquire new members infrequently if at all

Question 44

polysynthetic language

Answer 44

highly synthetic languages, i.e. languages in which words are composed of many morphemes (word parts that have independent meaning but may or may not be able to stand alone)

Question 45

suffix

Answer 45

morpheme added at the end of a word to form a derivative

Question 46

bound morpheme

Answer 46

morpheme that must be attached to another element