Morphololgy Flashcards
affix
an additional element placed at the beginning or end of a root, stem, word, or in the body of a word, to modify its meaning
affixation
morphological process whereby an affix is attached to a root or stem
agglutinating language
type of synthetic language with morphology that primarily uses agglutination: words contain different morphemes to determine their meaning, but each of these morphemes remains in every aspect unchanged after their union, resulting in generally easier deducible word meanings if compared to fusional languages, which allow modifications in either or both the phonetics or spelling of one or more morphemes within a word, generally for shortening the word on behalf of an easier pronunciation.
allomorph
variant of a morpheme
alternation
phenomenon of a phoneme or morpheme exhibiting variation in its phonological realization
ambiguity
two or more words that sound the same but have different meanings
analytic language
a language that conveys grammatical relationships without using inflectional morphemes
prefix
affix placed before the root of a word
root
core meaning in a word
compounding
creating a new word by combining two or more existing words
conjuntion
word used to connect clauses or sentences or to coordinate words in the same clause
content morpheme
unctional morpheme (as opposed to a content morpheme) is a morpheme which simply modifies the meaning of the word, rather than supplying the root meaning of the word
infix
morpheme inserted inside of a word, ex. “that’s fan-FREAKING-tastic”
derivation
word-formation process by which a new word is built from a stem - usually through the addition of an affix - that changes the word class and/or basic meaning of the word (from teach (verb) to teach -er (noun
determiner
modifying word that determines the kind of reference a noun or noun group has, for example a, the, every
form
underlying representation (UR) or underlying form (UF) of a word or morpheme is the abstract form that a word or morpheme is postulated to have before any phonological rules have applied to it
function morpheme
orpheme which simply modifies the meaning of the word, rather than supplying the root meaning of the word
fusional language
a language in which one form of a morpheme can simultaneously encode several meanings
hierarchical structure
Describes a series of increasingly smaller regions of a phonological utterance, each nested within the next highest region
homophony
The linguistic phenomenon whereby words of different origins become identical in pronunciation
incorporation
The inclusion of the object or object reference within the inflected verb form, a type of word-formation frequent in American Indian languages
morphology
system of categories and rules involved in word formation and interpretation
output
produce and send out
partial reduplication
Occurs only with bases (root words) which begin with a consonant