morphology terms

Question 1

elision

Answer 1

it’s the dropping of some sounds
or it’s the phoneme that is realized as zero or deleted.
ex: the weak vowel is deleted in ( potato )

Question 2

linking

Answer 2

when a word that ends with a consonant is followed by a word that starts with a vowel, this last consonant is pronounced as if it was a part of the second word.
ex: for / egz.

Question 3

intrusive / r /

Answer 3

it’s the / r / that is placed is a position where it’s not needed ( there is no justification for its usage ).

Question 4

endocentric compounds

Answer 4

they are the compounds which meaning is obvious.

ex: cave man.

Question 5

exocentric compounds

Answer 5

they are the compounds which meaning is not obvious.

ex: sugar daddy.

Question 6

synonymy

Answer 6

they are the words that have the same meaning in some contexts, but have different meaning in others.
ex: profound and deep.

Question 7

antonomy

Answer 7

they are the words that are opposites in some things, but are not opposites in other things.
ex: boy and girl are opposite in gender, but they are both humans.

Question 8

polysemy

Answer 8

it’s one word that has two different meanings

ex: bank can carry the meaning of ( the edge of the river ) and ( a financial institution ).

Question 9

homophony

Answer 9

they are two different words with the same pronunciation.

ex: flower and flour.

Question 10

hyponomy

Answer 10

it’s one general item and its examples, or classes.

ex: ( red, blue, and green ) are hyponomies of the general item ( color ).

Question 11

collocations

Answer 11

it’s the association of two lexical items together ( they are two words that always come together )
ex: fish and chips

Question 12

paraphrase

Answer 12

A) the officer caught the thief.
B) the thief was caught by the officer.
here, A and B have a mutual relationship ( if A is correct,then B must be correct and vice versa.

Question 13

entailment

Answer 13

A) the guard shot the lion.
B) the lion is dead.
here, A and B don’t have a mutual relationship ( if A is correct, then B must be correct. But if B is correct, it doesn’t mean that A must be correct.

Question 14

contradiction

Answer 14

A) he is single.
B) he is married.
here, if A is true, then B must be false.

Question 15

connotation

Answer 15

the meanings associated with a word.

ex: ( boredom, teachers, and homework ) are connotations of the word ( school ).
* they can also be feelings, smells, etc……*
* they differ from a person to another, and from a culture to another*

Question 16

denotations

Answer 16

the exact dictionary meaning of a word

ex: ( school ): a place where we can learn.

Question 17

intension

Answer 17

it’s the general meaning of a word

ex: ( woman ): a female human being.

Question 18

extension

Answer 18

some specific examples of the meaning of a word

ex: ( woman ): heba, hoda, basma.

Question 19

componential analysis ( semantic decomposition )

Answer 19

we understand the meaning of a word through analyzing its meaning.

ex: + and -
* it’s like giving hints*

Question 20

fuzzy concepts

Answer 20

they are the concepts that have no clear-cut meaning

ex: beautiful and rich.

Question 21

metaphor

Answer 21

understanding one concept in terms of another concept
ex: we understand the concept of beauty through the concept of moon.
( byakol zy el ba8l )

Question 22

spatial metaphor

Answer 22

ex: my head is up
ex: i feel down

Question 23

time metaphor

Answer 23

ex: you’re wasting my time

Question 24

semantic ambiguity

Answer 24

a word can refer to two meanings

ex: the judge sentenced the thief to two years in prison because he was cautious.
* he can refer to both the judge and the thief *

Question 25

principle of compositionality

Answer 25

we can understand the meaning of a sentence by understanding the meaning of its components ( words and phrases ).

Question 26

structural ( syntactic ) ambiguity

Answer 26

the sentence structure ( order of words ) can lead to ambiguity.

ex: she can see the people with the binoculars.
* it can mean that she sees with the binoculars (or) she the people are the ones using the binoculars *

Question 27

thematic roles ( with noun phrases only )

Answer 27

every noun phrase has a role, and this role helps us determine the meaning.

Question 28

agent

Answer 28

entity that performs the action.

Question 29

theme

Answer 29

entity undergoing the action or the movement.

Question 30

source

Answer 30

the starting point for a movement.

Question 31

goal

Answer 31

the end point for a movement.

Question 32

location

Answer 32

a place where an action occurs.

Question 33

instrument

Answer 33

the means by which an action is performed.

Question 34

experiencer

Answer 34

one who perceives something.

Question 35

causative

Answer 35

a natural force that causes change.

Question 36

possessor

Answer 36

one who has something.