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Oral Anatomy > Morphology of Permanent Incisors > Flashcards

Morphology of Permanent Incisors Flashcards

1
Q

Incisors

A

the two teeth (central and lateral)in each quadrant closest to the midline
-with the mesial surface of right central incisors
contacting the mesial of left central incisors
(unless a space or diastema exists)

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2
Q

diastema

A

space between maxillary or central incisors

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3
Q

primate spaces

A

present in primary teeth
-nothing to worry about, want spaces because teeth that will erupt there will be larger and need this space

Most commonly spaces are mesial to the maxillary canine and distal of the mandibular canine

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4
Q

maxillary central incisors

A

R 8 9 L

-crown: LONGEST incisor crown

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5
Q

maxillary lateral incisors

A

R 7 10 L

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6
Q

mandibular central incisors

A

R 25 24 L

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7
Q

mandibular lateral incisors

A

R 26 23 L

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8
Q

incisor functions

A
  • Cut food
  • Articulate speech
  • Support lips (esthetic)
  • Guide mandible during movement
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9
Q

Mamelons (incisors)

A

3 Mamelons reflect 3 Labial Developmental

lobes for incisors (before wear)

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10
Q

What characteristics do ALL incisors have from the Facial view?

A 
• Relatively straight incisal edge
• Rectangular shape: longer
incisocervically than
mesiodistally
• Taper narrower from contact
to cementoenamel junction
(CEJ)
• CEJ curves toward apex
• Root tapers to apex and are
longer than the crown
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11
Q

Which characteristics are typical of ALL incisors from the Facial view (EXCEPT Mandibular centrals)?

A 
• Distal crown surface is more convex than mesial
• Mesioincisal line angle is
sharper than distoincisal
• Distal contact is located
more cervically than on
mesial
• Incisal edges slope
cervically to distal
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12
Q

Characteristics of ALL incisors from the Lingual view

A 
• Lingual surface
narrower (seen best
incisally)
• Marginal ridges
converge toward
cingulum
• Lingual fossa
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13
Q

Characteristics of ALL incisors from Proximal views

A 
•Wedge shaped
(triangular) outline
• Height of contour in
cervical third facially and
lingually (cingulum)
• Lingual outline is “S”
• CEJ curves incisally
• Root tapers to apex
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14
Q

Characteristics of ALL incisors from the Incisal view

A 
• Concave lingual fossa
incisal to cingulum
• Incisal edge runs across
between widest points
on mesial and distal
• Labial outline is broader
(less convex) than lingual
• Marginal ridges converge
toward cingulum
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15
Q

Arch Traits: Mandibular incisors

A 
– Smaller crowns
– Flatter proximal
outlines
– Contacts closer to
incisal edge
– Roots relatively longer
(compared to crowns)
– Relatively wider crowns
faciolingually
– Smoother lingual
surfaces
– Incisal edges that are
more likely lingual to
midroot axis
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16
Q

Incisal Wear

A

More incisal ridge faceting on Labial of Mandibular incisors vs. Lingual of Maxillary incisors

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17
Q

Maxillary Incisors from the Labial view: Crown Shape

A
  • Maxillary central has wider (2.0), longer (.5) crown
  • Maxillary lateral is relatively narrower mesiodistally
  • Maxillary lateral is more often missing or PEG shaped
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18
Q

Maxillary Incisors from the Labial view: Proximo-incisal angle

A 
-Maxillary central has
mesioincisal angle at
nearly right angle
-Maxillary lateral has
both mesioincisal and
distoincisal angles
more rounded than on
centrals
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19
Q

Maxillary Incisors from the Labial view: Proximal Contact Area

A

-Mesial contacts are in
incisal third, but lateral
contacts are more
cervical than central

-Maxillary central distal
contact is at junction
of incisal and middle
third, lateral is more
cervical: may be in
middle thir
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20
Q

Maxillary Incisors from the Labial view: Root-to-Crown Proportions/Ratios

A 
-Maxillary central root
is not much longer
than crown
-Maxillary lateral root is
relatively longer than
on central
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21
Q

Maxillary Incisors from the Labial view: Root Shape

A 
-Maxillary central root is
shorter, thicker, more
cone shaped (ice cream cone)
-Maxillary lateral root
more likely to bend
distally at apex; central
not as likely
-Centrals have triangular
shaped cross section and
laterals are more oval
22
Q

Maxillary Incisors from the Lingual View: Lingual Fossa

A

Maxillary laterals are more likely to have deeper lingual fossae and pits than centrals

23
Q

Maxillary Incisors from the Lingual View: Cingulum

A 
-Maxillary central
incisor cingulum is
more developed and is
off center toward the
distal (best seen from
incisal view)
-cingulum
of maxillary lateral incisor is
more centered
24
Q

Maxillary Incisors from the Lingual View: Marginal Ridges

A 
-Maxillary lateral incisor
has the distal marginal
ridge appear shorter than
mesial (more so than on
centrals) due to slope of
incisal edge toward distal
-on central this is also due
to distal placement of
cingulum
25
Q

Variations in Maxillary Incisors

A

Shovel Shaped

and Double Shovel Shaped

26
Q

Maxillary Incisors from the Lingual View: Accessory (Lingual) Ridges and Grooves

A

Possible on Maxillary Incisors

-smoke, drink coffee, easily stained

27
Q

Maxillary Incisors from the Lingual View: Root Shape

A

Roots taper narrower

toward the lingual

28
Q

Maxillary Incisors from the Proximal Views: Incisal Edge

A 
-Incisal edge labial or at
midroot axis line
-Maxillary centrals
(from distal view) may
have distoincisal edge
is lingual to the axis
due to distolingual
twist of incisal edge
(shows better on incisal
view)
29
Q

Maxillary Incisors from the Proximal Views: Cervical Line

A 
-As on all anterior teeth,
the mesial CEJ curves
more than the distal ( seen
clearly here on a canine
lingual view)
- Largest CEJ curve for all
teeth is mesial of maxillary
central incisor (up to3.5
mm)
30
Q

Maxillary Incisors from the Proximal Views: Height (Crest) of Contour

A 
Both maxillary central
and lateral incisors
have the heights of
contour (facial and
lingual) in the cervical
third
31
Q

Maxillary Incisors from the Proximal Views: Root

A

*known for no depression on root surface; if slight depression, will be on MESIAL

-Maxillary central root
has a flatter lingual
outline in the cervical
third, then tapers
- Laterals have more
overall uniform taper
-No root depression on
distal, rare shallow
depression on mesial
32
Q

Maxillary Incisors from the Incisal View: Crown Proportion Faciolingually vs. Mesiodistally

A 
-Both maxillary incisors
have mesiodistal
greater than the
faciolingual, but more
so for the maxillary
centrals
-Laterals are closer to
equal for FL and MD
33
Q

Maxillary Incisors from the Incisal View: Outline Shape of Crowns

A 
-Maxillary central has a
triangular crown
outline (because the
facial surface is flatter)
-Maxillary lateral has a
more round or oval
outline
34
Q

Maxillary Incisors from the Incisal View: Incisal Ridge Contour

A 
-Maxillary central
exhibits a distolingual
twist of the incisal
edge; the lateral does
not
-Maxillary central has
cingulum distal to root
midroot axis line
35
Q

Maxillary Incisors from the Incisal View: Labial Contour

A

Maxillary lateral has
more labial curvature
(is more convex) than
the central incisor

36
Q

Mandibular Incisors from the Labial View: Crown Shape

A

-Mandibular central is symmetrical, don’t need to determine R vs L
-Mandibular lateral is
larger than central

-3 mamelons (before wear) on mandibular incisors

37
Q

Mandibular Incisors from the Labial View: Incisal Proximal Angles

A 
-Mandibular central has
mesioincisal angle =
distoincisal angle
-Lateral has distoincisal
angle more rounded
than mesioincisal angle
38
Q

Mandibular Incisors from the Labial View: Proximal Contact Areas

A 
-Mandibular central has
mesial and distal
contact at SAME level (incisal third close to incisal edge)
• Mandibular lateral has
mesial contact more
incisal than distal (incisal third, more cervically than central)
• All contacts in incisal
third
39
Q

Mandibular Incisors from the Labial View: Root-to-Crown Proportion

A 
Mandibular incisor
roots appear to be
longer relative to the
crown than maxillary
incisor roots

1.45 root crown ratio

40
Q

Mandibular Incisors from the Labial View: Root Shape

A 
-Distal bend of root tip
is more common than
mesial bend
-Roots are narrow
mesiodistally
41
Q

Mandibular Incisors from the Lingual View: Lingual Anatomy (Marginal Ridges, Fossae, and
Cingulum)

A

-All mandibular incisors have

minimal marginal ridges and fossa depth (compared to maxillary incisors)

42
Q

Mandibular Incisors from the Lingual View: Cingulum

A 
Mandibular lateral
cingulum is more distal
to the midroot axis
than on centrals (best
seen incisally)
43
Q

Mandibular Incisors from the Lingual View: Root Shape

A

Both mandibular incisors
roots are narrower from
lingual and have mesial
and distal root depressions (better appreciated comparing mesial and distal views)

44
Q

Mandibular Incisors from the Proximal View: Incisal Edge

A 
Mandibular lateral
incisor (mesial view)
has the distolingual
corner of the incisal
edge showing lingually
due to the distolingual
TWIST; centrals do not
45
Q

Mandibular Incisors from the Proximal View: Cervical Line

A

CEJ curves toward
incisal more on the
MESIAL than distal

46
Q

Mandibular Incisors from the Proximal View: Height (Crest) of Contour

A 
-Buccal and lingual
contours for both
centrals and laterals
are in the cervical third
-All mandibular incisors
have smooth lingual
surfaces with shallow
fossae
47
Q

Mandibular Incisors from the Proximal View: Roots

A 
-Mandibular roots are
much wider faciolingually
than mesiodistally,
especially compared to
maxillary incisors
-Both mandibular incisors
have mesial and distal root
depressions (distal is
deeper)
-Both mandibular incisors
cross sections of root are
“Kidney” or “Bow” shaped
48
Q

Mandibular Incisors from the Incisal View: Crown Proportions

A

ALL mandibular incisors
have the faciolingual
dimension greater than
the mesiodistal

49
Q

Mandibular Incisors from the Incisal View: Crown Outline

A

Mandibular central
incisors are
symmetrical; laterals
are no

50
Q

Mandibular Incisors from the Incisal View: Incisal Ridge Contour (Alignment)

A

Lateral incisor has an
incisal edge with a
distolingual TWIST;
central does not

51
Q

Mandibular Incisors from the Incisal View: Cingulum

A

Mandibular lateral
incisor has a cingulum
distal to midroot axis;
central does not

52
Q

Mandibular Incisors from the Incisal View: Labial Contour

A

All have convex facial
contour and lingual
contour decidedly
convex (more curved)

Oral Anatomy (6 decks)

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