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Botany > Morphology Of Flowering Plants > Flashcards

Morphology Of Flowering Plants Flashcards

1
Q

Tap root

A

Forms primary root
Dicot
Mustard

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2
Q

Fibrous root

A

Wheat

Monocot

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3
Q

Adventitious root

A

Grass
Monstera
Banyan tree

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4
Q

Modification of tap root for storage

1 fusiform spindle root
2 conical roots
3. Napiform roots
4 tuberous roots
5 nodulated roots

Tap root for respiration

A
  1. Radish ( they are thicker in d middle)
    2carrot
    3 turnip, sugarbeet , beetroot (beta vulgaris)
    4 mirabilis
    5 papilionate subfam of leguminosae fam pea gram bean

Rhizopora ,heriteira( mangrove plants)

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5
Q

Modifications of adventitious roots

Fasciculated roots 
2. Beaded moniliform roots
3 tuberous adventitious roots
4 stilt prop roots
5 prop roots
6 climbing roots
7 foliar epiphulous roots
8 sucking roots parasitic roots 
9 annulated roots
A 
1. Asparagus dahlia
2 vitis( grapes) momordica(bitter gourd)
3  sweet potato ( ipomoea batatas)
4 maize sugarcane( supporting roots)
5 banyan (ficus bengalensis)
6 money plant( pothos) monstera black pepper
7 brophyllum 
8 cuscuta viscum densropthoe
9 ipecac( swelling occurs in a series of rings)
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6
Q

Stem

A

From the plumule

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7
Q

Forms of roots

Caudex/ columnar

A

Unbranched erect marked with scars of fallen leaves

Palm

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8
Q

Culm

A

Jointed stem with solid nodes and hollow internodes

Bamboo( graminae)

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9
Q

Sub aerial modifications of stem

1 runner

A

Cynodon doctylon( doob grass) oxalis

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10
Q

Subaerial modification of stem

2 stolon

A

Branches develop from lower part of the main stem and grow for some distance loke arch den tuch ground n make a new shoot

Fragaria ( wild strawberry) jasmine peppermint

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11
Q

Sub aerial modification of stem

Sucker

A

Main stem in d soil n branches come oit of the soil

Mint ,pineapple, chrysanthemum, banana

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12
Q

Sub aerial modification of stem

Offset

A

In aquatic plants . Internodes of offset are small and thicker and each nodes baer a rosette if leaves and tuft of roots
A.k.a aquatic runner

Pistia eicchornia.

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13
Q

Underground modification of stems

  1. Tuber
A

Potato

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14
Q

Underground modification of stems

2 rhizome

A

Nodes and small internodes are found covered by scaly leaves

Ginger , turmeric , canna, water lily, banana.

They grow horizontally in d soil

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15
Q

Underground modification of stem

  1. Corm
A

Colocasia , zaminkand, saffron , colchicum

Condensed and grow vertically in d soil

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16
Q

Underground modification of stem

  1. Bulb
A

Onion garlic. Fleshy peaves store food.

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17
Q

Main stem of banana

A

Rhizome.

And modification is sucker.

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18
Q

Aerial modification of stem

  1. Stem tendril
A

Grapes / grapes vine

Gourds( cucumber , pumpkin , watermelon)

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19
Q

Aerial modification if stem

  1. Stem thorn
A

Bouganvillea, citrus, pomegranate

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20
Q

Aerial modification of stem

3 phylloclade

A

Opuntia (fleshy flat)

Fleshy cylindrical(. Euphorbia) 
Cactus
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21
Q

Leaf base
Hypopodium

Sheathing leaf
Pulvinus leaf

A

In monocots

In legumes plants

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22
Q

Stipulate leaf

A

Fabaecea

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23
Q

Ex stipulate leaf

A

Solanceae

Liliaceae

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24
Q

Reticulate venation

A

In dicots.

Exception calophyllum

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25
Q

Parallel venation

A

Monocots
Exception
Smilax

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26
Q

Modification of leaves

Leaf tendril

A

Lathyrus aphaca( wild pea)

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27
Q

Modification of leaves

  1. Leaf spine
A

Opuntia, cacti

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28
Q

Modification of leaves.

Leaf pitcher

A

Nepethes

Dischidia

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29
Q

Modification of leaves

4. Leaf bladder

A

Utricularia( bladder wort)

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30
Q

Modification of leaves

5 phyllode

A

Periole becomes flat and function as. Normal leaf

Australian acacia
Parkisonia

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31
Q

Modification of leaves

  1. Leaflet tendril
A 
Pisum sativum( garden pea)
Lathyrus odoratus( sweet pea)
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32
Q

Modification of leaves

7 leaflet hook

A

Cats nail( bigonia unguis cati)

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33
Q

Pinnately compound leaf

A

Neem

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34
Q

Palmately compound leaf

A

Silkcottom ( bombax)

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35
Q

Phyllotaxy

Alternate

A

Mustard chinarose sunflower

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36
Q

Phyllotaxy

Opposite

A

Guava
Calotropis
Ocimum

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37
Q

Phyllotaxy

Whorled

A

Alstonia( devil tree)

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38
Q

Raceme

Compound raceme/ raceme or racemes or panicle

A
  1. Radish, mustard

2. Gulmohar neem

39
Q

Spike

Spike of spikelets

A

Flowers are sessile( without pedicel)

Grass fam ( graminae =poaceae) eg of spikes of spikeltes

40
Q

Catkin / amentum

A

Flower are sessile, unisexual , thin and long pedicel
Eg : mulberry
Bhojpatra ( betula)

41
Q

Spadix

A

Peduncle thick long and fleshy
Sessile flowers and unisexual

Colourful bracts( spathe) or green large

Eg colocasia,maize,palms.

Grain if maize is a fruit( caryopsis)

42
Q

Corymb

  1. Compound corymb / corymb ir corymbs
A

Peduncle shirt, slowers at the same level

Chandni, capsella=candytuft

  1. Cauliflower , pyrus malus
43
Q

Umbel

Compund umbel / umbel if umbels

A

Pedicel arise from the same point and has same level of flowers. Whorl of bracts present at the stalk of flower den it is called as involucre( centella ( brahmi)

  1. Coriandrum
    Foeniculum
    Cuminum
    Umbelliferae id apiaceae fam
44
Q

Capitulum/ racemose head( anthodium)

A

Compositae/ asteraceae fam

sunflower, zinnia, marigold

45
Q

Racemose

A

Acropetal succession

46
Q

Cymose

A

Basipetal succession

47
Q

Cymose

A 
Bouganvillae
Jasmine 
Teak
Calotropis ( madar)
Asclepias
48
Q

Cyathium inflorescences

A

Cup shaped structure
Euphorbiacea fam
Ratio of female to male :1 : many

49
Q

Verticillaster inflorescence

A

Leaves on opposite side of stem from that flowers come out. Dichasial cyme changes into monochasial (scorpoid) cyme.

Eg : labiate/ lamiaceae fam: salvia, ocimum( tulsi) , coelus

50
Q

Hypanthodium

A

Peduncle in shape of pear

Eg ficus species: banyan , fig, peepal

51
Q

Cyathium and hypanthodium inflorescence are similar in

A

Having unisexual flowers

52
Q

Mixed infloresence

A

Banana, grapes

53
Q

Dicots flowers are

A

Pentamerous

54
Q

Monocots flowers are

A

Trimerous

55
Q

Actinomorphic/radial/regular

A

Mustard datura chilli

56
Q

Zygomorphic/bilateral

A

Flower divided into two equal halves by any one particular vertical plane

Eg : pea bean gulmohar cassia

57
Q

Asymmetric / irregular

A

Canna

58
Q

Hypogynous flower

A

Ovary superior

Eg : mustard , china rose , brinjal, mango

59
Q

Perigynous flower

A

Ovary is half inferior

Eg rose plum peach

60
Q

Epigynous flower

A

Ovary is in inferior

Eg: guava , apple, cucumber and the rayflorets of sunflower

61
Q

Involucre

A

Whorl of bracts

62
Q

Spathe

A

Large bract which completely encloses whole inflorescence

Eg banana maize

63
Q

Petaloid bract

A

Size of a bract greater than size of flower n of various colours loke petals

Eg bouganvillae

64
Q

Glumes

A

Small dry scaly bracts

Eg: wheat grass ( graminea fam)

65
Q

Polysepalous

A

Sepals are free

Eg mustard radish

66
Q

Gamosepalous

A

Cotton datura brinjal

67
Q

Calyx of mussaenda

A

One sepal enlarges and become colourful to attract insects

68
Q

Trapa of calyx

A

Modified into spine

69
Q

Calyx of compositae( family if sunflower)

A

Hairy like structure called pappus

Pappus helps in dispersal of fruit by parachute mechanism

70
Q

Persistant sepal

A

Brinjal tomato cotton datura chilli

71
Q

Actinomorphic polypetalos corolla

  1. Cruciform
A

4 petals. Arranges crosswise
. Upper narrow part called as CLAW.
Upper broad part called as LIMB.
Eg: radish mustard ( cruciferae)

72
Q

Actinomorphic gamopetalous corolla

1 campanulate/bell shaped

2 tubular
3 funnel shapped/ infundibulum
4. Wheel shaped/ rotate

A
  1. 5 fussed petals. Eg rasberry tobacco
  2. 5 fused petals eg disc florets of sunflower
  3. 5 fused petals eg datura, petunia
  4. 5 fused petals arranged above the tube eg: brinjal
73
Q

Zygomorphic polypetalous corolla

  1. Papilionaceous ( butter fly shaped corolla)
A

Posterior part largest k.a standard or vexillum

Vexillum covers two lateral petal k.a WINGSOR ALAE

Anteior united to form keel or karina

Eg papilionate( pea gram bean)

74
Q

Zygomorphic gamopetalous corolla

  1. Bilabiate
  2. Ligulate
A
  1. Petals divided to form two lips place between lips is called corolla mouth eg ocimum( tulsi and labiate family - salvia)

2 upper long part of corolla long flattened tomgue like with short narrow tube eg: ray florets of sunflower

75
Q

Aestivation

  1. Valvate
A

Petals touches each other without overlapping

Eg calatropis family
Cruciferae family
Solanceae
Liliacea

76
Q

Twisted

A

One margin covered by another petal and so on

Eg cotton ladyfinger. China rose
malvaceae family

77
Q

Imbricate

A

Both marginf of one petal covered by one one margins of two petal or

Sepals or petals overlap one another but not in any particular direction

Eg cassia gulmohar( delonix regia)

Ascending imbricate: posterior petal is innermost i.e its both margin are overlapped

Eg caesalpinoidae sub fam of leguminose

78
Q

Vexillary or descending imbricate or papilionaceous

A

Posterior petal is outermost and largest

Eg pea bean ( papilionatea sub fam of leguminosae family)

79
Q

Quincuncial aestivation

A

5 petals 2 are completely internal twi are completely external and in remaining petal one margin is internal and the other is external
Eg murraya

80
Q

Polyandrous condition

A

Stamens of androecium are free from one another

81
Q

Cohesion of stamens
Adelphy

  1. Monoadelphous
  2. Diadelphous
  3. Polyadelphous
A

When stamens are united by their filaments then it is called as adelphy.

  1. Filaments in one single bundle eg china rose( malvaceae family)
  2. Filaments into two bundles eg pea( papilionate)
  3. Filaments into more than two bundles eg citrus
82
Q

Cohesion of stamens.

  1. Syngenesious
A

Anthers are united in bundles but filaments free

Eg compositae family

83
Q

Syandrous

A

Anther and filaments bith united eg colocasia cucurbitae family

84
Q

Adhesion of stamens

Epipetalous

Epiphyllous or epitepalous

Gynandrous

A
  1. Stamens are attached to petals eg brinjal
  2. Stamens attached to tepals eg lily onion ( liliciae)
  3. Gynandrous stamens or only anthers attached to gynoecium eg calotropis
85
Q

Apocarpous condition

A

When all carpels in multicarpellary are free .

Eg lotus rose

86
Q

Syncarpous

A

All carpels are fused

Eg papaver hibiscus mustard tomato

87
Q

Placentation

A

Ovules arranged on ovary wall on one or more cusion like straucture called placenta.

The manner in which placenta or ovules are arranged on ovary wall in known as placentation or arrangement of ovules within the ovary is known as placentation

88
Q

Marginal placentation

A
  1. In monocarpellary gynoecium
    2 placenta forms a ridge along ventral suture if ovary and ovules borne on it
  2. Eg pea( leguminose family)
89
Q

Axile

A
  1. In syncarpous gynoecium
  2. Ovary multilocular ovules borne on central axis
  3. Number of chambers= no of carpels fused
  4. China rose lemon tomato
90
Q

Parietal placentation

A

Unilocular syncarpous ovary
Ovules develop on the inmer wall. Of ovary
Eg mustard argemone

In some plants ovary is one chambered but becomes two chambered due to formation of false septum
Eg cruciferae family( mustard) argemone

91
Q

Free central placentation

A

Syncarpous gynoecium
Ovary is unilocular ( septa absent)

Ovules borne on central axis
Eg primrose dianthus

92
Q

Basal placentation

A

Ovary unilocular
Single ovule attached at d base of ovary .
Eg marigold sunflower ASTERACEAE / compositae family/ graminae poaceae family

93
Q

Superficial placentation

A

Multicarpellary syncarpous multilocular gymoecium
Ovules attached on entire surface
Eg water lily

Botany (1 decks)

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