Morphology Of Flowering Plants Flashcards by Dev Mehta

Characteristics of angiosperms

Presence of roots and stems and leaves and flowers and fruits

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Taproot system- ____ plants
Fibrous root system____ plants

Dicot
Monocot

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The tap root system consists of ?

Primary root and its lateral branches of several orders

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Fibrous root system consists of?

Short lived primary root which gets replaced by a large number of roots which arise the base of the stem

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What are adventitious roots

Roots that arise from parts of a plant other than the radicle

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Examples of adventitious roots

Grass
Banyan tree
Monstera

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Functions of roots

Synthesis of plant growth hormone regulators
Absorption of water and minerals from the soil
Storage of reserve food material
Providing anchorage to plant parts

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Examples of root modification for food storage

tap root-
adventitious root -

Carrot and turnip
Sweet potato

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Roots coming out of a banyan tree

Prop roots

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Supporting roots that come out of lower nodes of the stem of some plants
Example

Stilt roots
Sugarcane , maize

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Roots to get oxygen for respiration :
name
plant example

Pneumatophores
Rhizophora

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The root is covered at the apex by a thimble like structure called?

Root cap

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Region above root cap is

Region of meristematic activity

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Cells in region of meristematic activity are ?

Small, thin walled, dense protoplasm

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Region above region of meristematic activity is

Region of elongation

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____ is responsible for growth of the root

Region of elongation

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The zone proximal to region of elongation is?

Region of maturation

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Root hairs arise from which part of the root

Region of maturation

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The region where leaves are born are called _____, while the portion between two nodes is called_____

Nodes
Internodes

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Types of buds in a stem

Axillary and terminal

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The main function of the stem is?

to spread out branches bearing fruits , flowers , leaves .

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Other functions of the stem is?

Conducts water and minerals
Photosynthates

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Underground storage stem modification examples

Potato, ginger , turmeric, zamikand, colocasia

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Underground stems also act as?

Organs of perennetion

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Stem tendrils develop from …… Help plants to …… example-

Axillary buds climb gourds ( cucumber, watermelon, pumpkin) and grapevine

Stem tendrils are a feature of which family ?

Cucurbitaceae (gourd family)

……buds of stems are modified into woody, straight, pointed thorns, which may be found in ….. and ……. They help protect the plants from ……

Axillary Citrus Bougainvillea Browsing animals

Some plants of ……. regions modify their stem into flattened(……) or fleshy cylindrical (……..) structures which contain chlorophyll and perform photosynthesis

Arid opuntia Euphorbia

Underground stems are found in?

Grass Strawberry

In plants like ….. and …… a slender branch arises from the base of the……. axis and after growing aerially for some time , arch downwards to touch the ground

Jasmine Mint Main

A lateral branch with short internodes and each node bearing a rosette of leaves and a tuft of roots is found in aquatic plants like ……. And …….

Pistia Eichhornia

In ….. and ……. and …….. the lateral branches originate from the …… and underground portion of the main stem grow horizontally beneath the soil and come out, obliquely upward, giving rise to leafy shoots .

Banana Pineapple Chrysanthemum Basal

The …… is a lateral, generally flat and structure borne on the stem

Leaf

Leaves originate from ? And are arranged in what order

Shoot apical meristem Acropetal order

Which part of the plant is the most important vegetative organ for photosynthesis?

Leaf

Three parts of a leaf

Leaf base Petiole Lamina or leaf blade

The …… may bear two lateral small leaf like structures called ……..

Leaf base Stipules

In …….., the leaf base expands into a sheath covering the stem, partially or wholly

Monocotyledons

In some …….. plants, the leaf base may become swollen which is called the …….

Leguminous pulvinus

Veins provide …….. to the leaf blade and act as channels of ……. for ………

Rigidity Transport water, minerals and food materials .

Veins form a network: …….. :: veins run parallel to each other : ……..

Reticulate venation Parallel venation

**Venation:** Dicots- Monocots-

Reticulate Parallel

Are there incisions in a simple leaf . If so, how are they present?

Yes The incision do not reach up to the mid rib

A bud is present in the ….. of petiole in both simple and compound leaves

Axil

Two types of compound leaves with example

Pinnately compound leaves -neem Palmately compound leaf - silk cotton

Common axis or midrib of pinnately compound leaf is called

Rachis

What is the common point of attachment of? Pinnately compound leaf

Tip of petiole

What is phyllotaxy

Pattern of arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch

Alternate phyllotaxy examples

Sunflower , china rose , mustard

Opposite phyllotaxy examples

Guava , calotropis

Whorled phyllotaxy examples

Alstonia

Leaf modifications- ( with examples) Climbing - Storage - Defence -

Leaf tendrils- peas Fleshy leaves - Onion and garlic Spines - cacti

In what plant are the leaves small and short lived and the petals expand and become green to perform photosynthesis

Australian Acacia

Insectivorous plants are modifications of which part of the plant Give examples

Leaf Venus flytrap, pitcher plant

A flower is a modified ….. where in the …… changes into floral meristem

Shoot shoot apical meristem

When a shoot tip transforms into a flower, it is always ……..

Solitary

Arrangement of flowers on the floral axis is termed as what

Inflorescence

In racemose type of inflorescence- Main axis- Flowers are borne -

Continues to grow Laterally in acropetal succession

In cymose inflorescence Main axis- Flowers are borne-

Terminates in a flower Basipetal order

The ….. is the reproductive unit of angiosperms

Flower

A typical flower has four different kinds of whorls arranged successfully on the swollen end of a stalk or …….. called ……… or ………

pedicle receptacle Thalamus

Calyx- Corolla - Perianth

Sepals Petals Tepals

In some flowers like …….. the calyx and Corolla are not distinct and are termed as ……..

Lily Perianth

A flower having both androecium and gynoecium - A flower having either on-

Bisexual Unisexual

Androecium (aka) - Gynoecium ( aka) -

stamens carpels or pistil

Flower with Radial symmetry is called - Examples

Actinomorphic Datura , mustard, chilli

Bilateral symmetry - Examples -

Zygomorphic Pea , Gulmohar , bean , cassia

Asymmetric flower example-

Canna

A flower may be- ……. , …….. or ……… when the floral appendages are in multiples of 3,4,5 respectively

Trimerous, tetramerous, pentamerous

What are bracts

Reduced leaves at pedicle

Flowers with bracts- Without bracts -

Bracteate Ebracteate

Hypogynous flower- Ovary - Other parts of the flower- Examples

Superior Below the ovary Mustard , china rose, bringal

Perigynous- Ovary- Other parts of the flower - Examples-

Half inferior Rim of thalamus Plum , peach , rose

Epigynous flower Ovary- Other parts of flower - Examples -

Inferior Arise above ovary Guava , cucumber

In what type of flower the margin of the thalamus grows upward, enclosing the ovary completely and getting fused with it

Epigynous flower

in pistia and eichhornia stems are modified to form what?

Offsets

In mint and jasmine , a lateral branch that arises from the base of the main axis is called?

Stolon

In banana , pineapple and chrysanthemum lateral underground stem arising from main axis is called?

Suckers