Morphology Of Flowering Plants

Question 1

Which plants have photosynthetic roots?

Answer 1

Tinospora and Trapa

Question 2

Types of Roots & Examples

Answer 2

1. Tap Root :
   -Dicots (mustard)
2. Adventitious Root:
   - Monocot (grasses), monstera, ficus(dicot)
3. Fibrous Root:
   -Monocot( rice and wheat)

Question 3

Root Modifications + Examples

Answer 3

TAP ROOT

1. Fusiform root - Radish (Raphanus Sativus)
2. Conical Root - Carrot (Daucas Carrota)
3. Napiform Root - Turnip, Beet root (Beta vulgaris)
4. Nodulated root- Pea, Bean, gram (Fabeaceae)
5. Respiratory root (pneumatophores) - Mangrove plants (Rhizophora)

ADVENTITIOUS ROOT

1. Tuberous root - Sweet Potato (Ipomea batata)
2. Fasciculated root - Dahlia, Asparagus
3. Brace root/ Stilt root - sugarcane, maize, Rhizophora
4. Prop root/ Pillar root- Banyan (Ficus specia)
5. Foliar root - Bryophyllum
6. Parasitic/ Sucking/ Haustorial root - Cuscuta (amarbel)
7. Hanging/ Aerial root-
   Vanda & Orchid

Question 4

Roots have root pocket in:

Answer 4

1) Eichhornia (Water Hyacinth)
2) Pistia

Root pockets are substitute of root cap in hydrophytes which help them float

Question 5

False Fruit

Answer 5

Apple
Strawberry
Mulberry
Pear
Jackfruit
Cashew Nut

Question 6

Parthenocarpic fruit

Answer 6

Banana
Grape

Question 7

SIMPLE FLESHY FRUIT
( PERICARP DIFFERENTIATED)
1. Drupe

Answer 7

• Stony Endocarp
  -develops from monocarpellary gynoecium with superior ovary
• single seeded

Mango (edible mesocarp)
Coconut (Coir of coconut - hair- mesocarp, edible part : seed and endosperm)
Walnut (edible seed)
Almond (edible seed)
Plum
Peach

Question 8

2. Berry

Answer 8

• generally multiseeded
• mesocarp and endocarp are fused and pulpy
  -axile placentation

Mesocarp + Endocarp edible:
1. Brinjal (swollen placenta also edible)
2. Banana

Complete fruit edible:
1. Guava
2. Grape
3. Tomato
4. Date (single seeded)

Mesocarp edible:
1. Papaya

Question 9

3. Pepo

Answer 9

-Large sized Berry with thick epicarp
-Parietal Placentation
- “Gourd”

Watermelon
Muskmelon
Bitter Gourd
Cucumber

Question 10

4. Hesperidium

Answer 10

Special type of Berry with leathery epicarp

Citrus fruit (orange)
Edible part : Juicy glandular hair

Question 11

5. Pome

Answer 11

False Fruit as it develops from thalamus

Apple
Pear
Edible part: Thalamus

Question 12

6. Balusta

Answer 12

Edible part : Juicy succulent Testa

Pomegranate

Question 13

SIMPLE DRY FRUIT
(PERICARP NOT DIFFERENTIATED)
1. Indehiscent fruit

Answer 13

1. CARYOPSIS
   Thin pericarp fused with seed coat
   Single seeded

Wheat
Maize

2. ACHENE
   Single seeded fruit
   Pericarp isn’t fused with seed coat
3. CYPSELLA
   Single seeded fruit
   Has Pappus
4. NUT
   Single seeded fruit
   Stony pericarp

Cashewnut ( False Fruit: fruit develops from peduncle
Edible part : cotyledon)

Water chestnut
(Trapa, singara)

Litchi (edible part : Aril ; 3rd integument)

Question 14

2. Dehiscent Fruit

Answer 14

1. Pod/Legume - Fabeaceae
2. Siliqua - mustard (Brassicaceae)
3. Capsule - Lady Finger, cotton, opium, datura (Malvaceae)

Question 15

3. Schizocarpic

Answer 15

1. Lomentum
   -Groundnut (Underground: geocarpic)
   (Archishypogea)

• Tamarind

Question 16

AGGREGATE FRUIT

Answer 16

Etaerio of Berry - Annona / Custard Apple

Etaerio of Achene - Strawberry (edible part: thalamus)

Question 17

COMPOSITE FRUIT

Answer 17

False Fruit
(Develops from complete inflorescence)

1. Sorosis
   Develops from spike (pineapple)
   Catkin (mulberry)
   Spadix (Jackfruit)
2. Sycosus/ Syconium
   Develops from hypenthodium (Fig)

Question 18

Actinomorphic

Answer 18

Mustard (Brassicaceae)
Datura, Chilli (Solanaceae)
Lily (Liliaceae)
Sunflower disc florets

Question 19

Zygomorphic

Answer 19

1. Pea, Bean (Fabeaceae)
2. Cassia, Gulmohar (Caesalpinoideae)
3. Sunflower ray floret

Question 20

Asymmetrical flower

Answer 20

Canna

Question 21

Hypogynous Flower

Answer 21

Brassicaceae
Solanaceae
Fabeaceae
Liliaceae
Malvaceae

Question 22

Perigynous Flower

Answer 22

Plum
Peach
Rose

Question 23

Epigynous Flower

Answer 23

Sunflower
Apple
Cucumber
Guava

Question 24

Bracteate Flower

Answer 24

Fabeaceae
Liliaceae

Question 25

Ebracteate flower

Answer 25

Brassicaceae

Question 26

BRACT MODIFICATIONS 1. Petalloid

Answer 26

Bougainvillea

Question 27

2. Spathe

Answer 27

Banana, Maize

Question 28

3. Glume

Answer 28

Wheat

Question 29

Calyx and Corolla in families

Answer 29

1. Brassicaceae - Polysepalous and Polypetalous 2. Solanaceae- Gamosepalous and Gamopetalous 3. Fabeaceae - Gamosepalous and Polypetalous

Question 30

SEPAL MODIFICATIONS 1. Advertising flag

Answer 30

Mussanda

Question 31

2. Spines

Answer 31

Trapa

Question 32

3. Pappus

Answer 32

Sunflower

Question 33

4. Persistent sepal

Answer 33

Brinjal Tomato Ladyfinger Pomegranate

Question 34

AESTIVATION 1. Valvate

Answer 34

Brassicaceae Solanaceae Liliaceae Calotropis

Question 35

2. Twisted

Answer 35

Malvaceae

Question 36

3. Imbricate

Answer 36

Caesalpinoideae

Question 37

4. Vexillary/ Papilionaceous/Imbricate descending

Answer 37

Fabeaceae

Question 38

TYPES OF COROLLA 1. Cross form/ Crucifer form Corolla

Answer 38

Mustard

Question 39

Camapanulate/ Bell shaped Corolla

Answer 39

Camapnulla Tobacco

Question 40

Infundibuliform Corolla

Answer 40

Datura

Question 41

Tubular Corolla

Answer 41

Sunflower disc floret

Question 42

Rotate Corolla

Answer 42

Brinjal

Question 43

Monoadelphous androecium

Answer 43

China rose

Question 44

Diadelphous androecium

Answer 44

Pea

Question 45

Polyadelphous androecium

Answer 45

Citrus

Question 46

Syngenacous androecium

Answer 46

Sunflower

Question 47

Synandrous androecium

Answer 47

Cucurbetaceae family

Question 48

Epipetalous Condition

Answer 48

Solanaceae Malvaceae Compositeae

Question 49

Epitepallous/ Epiphyllous condition

Answer 49

Liliaceae

Question 50

Gynandrous condition

Answer 50

Sunflower

Question 51

Tetradynamous condition

Answer 51

Mustard

Question 52

Didynamous condition

Answer 52

Family Labiateae Salvia Osmium

Question 53

Staminode is present in

Answer 53

Salvia

Question 54

Monocarpellary

Answer 54

Fabeaceae

Question 55

Bicarpellary

Answer 55

Solanaceae Brassicaceae

Question 56

Tricarpellary

Answer 56

Liliaceae

Question 57

Apocarpous

Answer 57

Rose Lotus Michelia

Question 58

Syncarpous

Answer 58

Brassicaceae Solanaceae Liliaceae Malvaceae Papavar (Opium)

Question 59

PLACENTATION Marginal

Answer 59

Pea

Question 60

Parietal

Answer 60

CAB 1. Cucumber 2. Argemone 3. Brassicaceae (mustard, capsella)

Question 61

Axile

Answer 61

MASALA Malvaceae Asparagus Solanaceae Lemon

Question 62

Free Central

Answer 62

DP Dianthus Primrose

Question 63

Basal

Answer 63

GST Gramineae (Poaceae) Sunflower Tegetes (marigold)

Question 64

INFLORESCENCE RACEMOSE Raceme

Answer 64

Brassicaceae (mustard, raddish)

Question 65

Spike

Answer 65

Pineapple

Question 66

Catkin

Answer 66

Mulberry

Question 67

Spadix

Answer 67

Banana Maize Jackfruit

Question 68

Umbel

Answer 68

Centella

Question 69

Racemose head/ Capitulum/ Anthodium

Answer 69

Sunflower

Question 70

CYMOSE Uniparous/Monochasial Cyme

Answer 70

Solanum

Question 71

Biparous/Dichasial Cyme

Answer 71

Bougainvillea

Question 72

Polyparous/Multichasial Cyme

Answer 72

Callotropis

Question 73

SPECIAL RYPE OF INFLORESCENCE Cythium

Answer 73

Euphorbia

Question 74

Verticellester

Answer 74

Family Labiateae Salvia Osmium

Question 75

Hyoenthodium

Answer 75

Fig