Morphology-ENG 211

Question 1

affix

Answer 1

a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word or word form.

Question 2

affixation

Answer 2

morphological process where an affix is attached to a root or stem.

Question 3

agglutinating language

Answer 3

a type of synthetic language with morphology that primarily uses agglutination.

Question 4

allomorph

Answer 4

a variant form of a morpheme when a unit of meaning varies in sound without changing the meaning.

Question 5

alternation

Answer 5

a variation in the form and/or sound of a word or word part.

Question 6

ambiguity

Answer 6

a quality of language that makes speech or written text open to multiple interpretations.

Question 7

analytic language

Answer 7

a language that primarily conveys relationships between words in sentences by way of helper words and word order, as opposed to using inflections.

Question 8

bound morpheme

Answer 8

a grammatical unit that never occurs by itself, but is always attached to some other morpheme.

Question 9

bound root

Answer 9

a root which cannot occur as a separate word apart from any other morpheme.

Question 10

closed lexical category

Answer 10

pronouns, modal verbs, determiners, prepositions, and conjunctions.

Question 11

compounding

Answer 11

a compound is a lexeme that consists of more than one stem.

Question 12

conjunction

Answer 12

linguistic elements that link two or more words, phrases, clauses, or sentences within a larger unit, in such a way that a specific semantic relation is established between them

Question 13

content morpheme

Answer 13

a root that forms the semantic core of a major class word.

Question 14

content word

Answer 14

are words that name objects of reality and their qualities.

Question 15

derivation

Answer 15

the formation of a new word or inflectable stem from another word or stem.

Question 16

determiner

Answer 16

a word or affix that belongs to a class of noun modifiers that expresses the reference, including quantity, of a noun.

Question 17

form

Answer 17

a meaningful unit of speech like a morpheme, word, or sentence

Question 18

free morpheme

Answer 18

a morpheme that can stand alone as a word

Question 19

function morpheme

Answer 19

building blocks for language acquisition.

Question 20

function word

Answer 20

words that have little lexical meaning or have ambiguous meaning and express grammatical relationships among other words within a sentence, or specify the attitude or mood of the speaker

Question 21

fusional language

Answer 21

a language in which one form of a morpheme can simultaneously encode several meanings.

Question 22

hierarchical structure

Answer 22

any ordering of units or levels on a scale of size, abstraction, or subordination.

Question 23

homophony

Answer 23

a word that is pronounced in the same way as another word but has a different meaning, and usually a different spelling.

Question 24

incorporation

Answer 24

a phenomenon by which a grammatical category, such as a verb, forms a compound with its direct object, or adverbial modifier, while retaining its original syntactic function.

Question 25

infix

Answer 25

a word element (a type of affix) that can be inserted within the base form of a word, instead of its beginning or end to create a new word or intensify meaning.

Question 26

inflection

Answer 26

the change in the form of a word to mark such distinctions as tense, person, number, gender, mood, voice, and case.

Question 27

input

Answer 27

the exposure learners have to authentic language in use.

Question 28

lexical category

Answer 28

A linguistic category of words defined by the syntactic or morphological behavior of the lexical item in question, such as noun or verb.

Question 29

lexicon

Answer 29

word-hoard, wordbook, or word-stock is the vocabulary of a person, language, or branch of knowledge.

Question 30

morpheme

Answer 30

the smallest meaningful unit in a language

Question 31

morphology

Answer 31

the study of words, how they are formed, and their relationship to other words in the same language.

Question 32

open lexical category

Answer 32

are nouns, lexical verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.

Question 33

output

Answer 33

the outcome of what the student has learned.

Question 34

partial reduplication

Answer 34

a morphological process in which the root or stem of a word is repeated exactly or with a slight change

Question 35

polysynthetic language

Answer 35

highly synthetic languages, languages in which words are composed of many morphemes.

Question 36

prefix

Answer 36

an affix that is joined before a root or stem.

Question 37

preposition

Answer 37

an adposition that occurs before its complement.

Question 38

productive

Answer 38

the degree to which native speakers use a particular grammatical process, especially in word formation.

Question 39

pronoun

Answer 39

a word that substitutes for a noun or noun phrase.

Question 40

reduplicant

Answer 40

is a morphological process in which the root or stem of a word.

Question 41

reduplication

Answer 41

In reduplication, the reduplicant is most often repeated only once.

Question 42

root

Answer 42

either a base word, or a part of a word to which affixes are added.

Question 43

simultaneous affix

Answer 43

is articulated at the same time as some other affix or affixes in a word’s stem; exists only in visual-gestural languages.

Question 44

stem

Answer 44

is a part of a word used with slightly different meanings and would depend on the morphology of the language in question.

Question 45

suffix

Answer 45

an affix which is placed after the stem of a word.

Question 46

suppletion

Answer 46

is traditionally understood as the use of one word as the inflected form of another word when the two words are not cognate.