Morphology Chapter 4

Question 1

Affix

Answer 1

bound morpheme that attaches to a stem

Question 2

Affixation

Answer 2

Process of forming words by adding affixes to morphemes

Question 3

Allomorph

Answer 3

One of a set of nondistinctive realizations of a particular morpheme that have the same function and are phonetically similar

Question 4

Alternation

Answer 4

The morphological process that uses morpheme-internal modifications to make new words or morphological distinctions

Question 5

Ambiguity

Answer 5

The phenomenon by which a single linguistic form can be the form of more than one distinct linguistic expression is said to be ambiguous

Question 6

Analytic Language

Answer 6

Type of language in which most words consist of one morpheme and sentences are composed of sequences of these free morphemes. Grammatical relationships are often indicated by word order. Examples are Chinese and Vietnamese

Question 7

Bound Morpheme

Answer 7

Morpheme that always attaches to other morphemes, never existing as a word itself

Question 8

Closed Lexical Category

Answer 8

Lexical Category in which the members are fairly rigidly established and additions are made very rarely and only over long periods of time

Question 9

Compounding

Answer 9

Process of forming words by combining two or more independent words

Question 10

Conjunction

Answer 10

A lexical category that consists of function words such as and, but, however,etc.

Question 11

Content Morpheme

Answer 11

Morpheme that carries semantic content

Question 12

content word

Answer 12

A word whose primary purpose is to contribute semantic content to the phrase in which it occurs. All free content morphemes are content words

Question 13

derivation

Answer 13

A morphological process that changes a word’s lexical category or its meaning in some predictable way

Question 14

determiner

Answer 14

The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as the, a, this, all, etc. Syntactically, consists of those expressions that when combined with an expression of category noun to their right result in an expression of category noun phrase

Question 15

form

Answer 15

The structure or shape of any particular linguistic item, from individual segments to strings of words

Question 16

free morpheme

Answer 16

A morpheme that can stand alone as a word

Question 17

function morpheme

Answer 17

Morpheme that provides information about the grammatical relationships between words in a sentence.

Question 18

fusional language

Answer 18

A type of synthetic language in which the relationships between the words in a sentence are indicated by bound morphemes that are difficult to separate from the stem

Question 19

hierarchical structure

Answer 19

The dominance relationship among morphemes in a word or among constituents in a phrase

Question 20

homophony

Answer 20

The phenomenon by which two or more distinct morphemes or nonphrasal linguistic expressions happen to have the same form i.e. sound the same

Question 21

incorporation

Answer 21

Morphological process by which several distinct semantic components are combined into a single word in a polysynthetic language

Question 22

infix

Answer 22

A type of bound morpheme that is inserted into the middle of the stem

Question 23

inflection

Answer 23

A morphological process whereby the form of a word is modified to indicate some grammatically relevant information, such as person, number, tense, gender, etc.

Question 24

input

Answer 24

The linguistic form before the application of a rule or a set of rules

Question 25

lexical category

Answer 25

Class of words grouped together based on morphological properties. Traditionally known as a part of speech

Question 26

lexicon

Answer 26

A mental repository of linguistic information about words and other lexical expressions, including their form and meaning and their morphological and syntactic properties. As a part of a descriptive, not mental grammar, the lexicon is the representation of the mental lexicon, consisting of lexical entries that capture the relevant properties of lexical expressions

Question 27

morpheme

Answer 27

Smallest linguistic unit that has a meaning or grammatical function

Question 28

morphology

Answer 28

The study of how words are constructed out of morphemes

Question 29

open lexical category

Answer 29

Lexical category into which new members are often introduced

Question 30

output

Answer 30

The linguistic form obtained after an application of a rule or a set of rules

Question 31

partial reduplication

Answer 31

Morphological reduplication in which only part of a morpheme is reduplicated

Question 32

polysynthetic language

Answer 32

A type of language that attaches several affixes to a stem to indicate grammatical relationships

Question 33

prefix

Answer 33

Affix that attaches to the beginning of a stem

Question 34

preposition

Answer 34

The name of a lexical category and a syntactic category that consists of expressions such as of, in, for, with,etc. Syntactically this category consists of those expressions that when combined with an expression of category noun phrase to their right result in an expression of category prepositional phrase.

Question 35

productive

Answer 35

Describes a morpheme or rule that can be used to produce novel grammatical forms

Question 36

pronoun

Answer 36

The name of a lexical category that consists of words such as I, she, us, etc. Syntactically, pronouns belong to the category noun phrase

Question 37

reduplicant

Answer 37

The morpheme or part of a morpheme that is repeated in reduplication

Question 38

reduplication

Answer 38

Process of forming new words by doubling either an entire word or part of a word

Question 39

root

Answer 39

The free morpheme or bound root in a word that contributes most semantic content to the word, and to which affixes can attach

Question 40

simultaneous affix

Answer 40

An affix that is articulated at the same time as some other affix or affixes in a word’s stem; exists only in visual-gestural languages

Question 41

stem

Answer 41

The base, consisting of one or more morphemes, to which some affix is added. The stem always includes the root and may also include one or more affixes

Question 42

suffix

Answer 42

Affix that attaches to the end of a stem

Question 43

suppletion

Answer 43

A morphological process between forms of a word wherein one form cannot be phonologically or morphologically derived from the other