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Semester 4 Revision > Morphology + Biology of Viruses > Flashcards

Morphology + Biology of Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

How can we classify viruses? (13)

A 
Type + organisation of genome
DNA/RNA
ss/ds
Genome relatedness
Viral replication strategy
Structure + size
Envelope?
Host range
Tissue tropism
Pathogenicity
Mode of transmission
Physiochemical properties
Antigenic properties
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2
Q

What is most common viral structure? (1)

A

Isohedral

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3
Q

Which viruses are in the Herpesviridae family? (4)

A

HSV 1
HSV 2
Epstein Barr virus
Varicella Zoster

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4
Q

What are characteristics of Herpesviridae viruses? (4)

A

Isohedral nucleocaspid
Linear dsDNA
Enveloped
Periods of latency + reactivity

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5
Q

What are characteristics of HIV? (4)

A

Envelope
Viral gp120 + gp141
2 copies of RNA
Reverse transcriptase, integrase + protease

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6
Q

What are the 5 human hepatitis viruses? (5)

A 
A = enteric trans
B = non-enteric, persistant
C = non-enteric, persistant
D = non-enteric, persistant
E = non-enteric
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7
Q

What do we treat Hep A-C with? (3)

A 
A = vaccine
B = vaccine
C = interferon therapy, 50% effective
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8
Q

What are characteristics of HepA virus? (4)

A 
Most common viral hepatitis
No envelope (naked)
Isohedral 
ssRNA
\+ve sense = viral RNA can act directly as mRNA
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9
Q

What are clinical features of HepA? (6)

A 
Incubation = 15-45 days
Acute onset
Children + young adults
Foecal-oral transmission most common
Percutaenous transmission unusual
Sexual transmission unlikely
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10
Q

What are characteristics of HepB virus? (4)

A 
Enveloped
42nm
Isohedral
Circular DNA, partially double stranded
Complete virus + incomplete particles
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11
Q

What are clinical features of HepB virus? (5)

A 
Incubation = 30-150days
Insidious or acute onset
YAs, babies, todlers
Percutaneous, perinatal or sexual transmission
(sharing needles, unprotected sex)
Risk of cancer
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12
Q

Where is HepB found? (3)

A

In body fluids e.g. semen, saliva, blood

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13
Q

What are characteristics of HepC virus? (4)

A 
Enveloped
Isohedral
ssRNA
NS1 (non-structural protein 1)
E proteins = major envelope proteins
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14
Q

What are risk factors for HepC? (8)

A 
Pre-1992 blood transfusion
Body piercing/tattoo
Haemophilia
IV drug use
Needle stick injury
Non-sterilised injections
Vertical transmission
Sexual transmission
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15
Q

What are clinical features of HepC virus? (7)

A 
Incubation = 15-120days
Insidious onset
Any age, more common in adults
Pericutanous transmission iscommon
Perinatal/sexual less so
Cancer risk
Can cause hepatocellular carcinoma + liver cirrhosis
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16
Q

What are characteristics of norovirus? (5)

A 
Diarrhoea
Common cause of infectious gastroenteritis
Icosahedral
Non-enveloped
Single-stranded RNA
17
Q

What are characteristics of rotavirus? (4)

A 
Most common in infants + young kids (but adults + older kids can also become infected)
dsRNA (segmented into 11 segments)
Non-enveloped
Triple layer caspid
Isocahedral structure
18
Q

Symptoms of rotavirus? (2)

A

~2days after exposure for symptoms to appear

Fever, diarrhoea, vomiting, ab pain

19
Q

How do we treat rotavirus? (2)

A

No antivirals

Live oral vaccine available

20
Q

What are the viral proteins of rotavirus? (3)

A

Structural = VP1-VP7
VP7 + VP4 are important in virus attachment + entry
Non-structural = NSP1-NSP6

21
Q

How does rotavirus replicate? (10)

A

Infects cells of intestinal epithelium
Virus binds to receptors + enters cells by endocytosis
Loses outer layer
Within virus structure dsRNA can replicate as VP6 act as channel + allows movement of RNA
VP1-3 inside virus core are involved in transcription
Viral proteins are made in infected cell cytoplasm
Core assembly of single + double shelled particles in cytoplasm
Entry of double layered particle into ER
Acquires outer shell
Released from cell

22
Q

What are the symptoms of measles? (5)

A

Fever, runny nose, red eyes sore throat
Koplik’s spots (small, white) may appear inside mouth (day 2/3)
Rash appears on face + spreads downwards (day 3-5)
Fever may spike when rash appears
After few days, fever subsides + rash fades

Semester 4 Revision (15 decks)

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