Morphology and lexicology

Question 1

Morphology

Answer 1

Study of morphemes and how they combine

Question 2

Morphemes

Answer 2

Smallest unit of meaning in a word, a root or an affix

Question 3

Lexicology

Answer 3

Study of words

Question 4

Etymology

Answer 4

Study of how words originate and change over time

Question 5

Free morphemes

Answer 5

Also called stems, can make sense on their own

Question 6

Bound morphemes

Answer 6

Must be attached to other morphemes to make sense

Question 7

Prefix

Answer 7

A bound morpheme that attaches to the front of the stem

Question 8

Suffix

Answer 8

A bound morpheme that attaches to the end of the stem

Question 9

Infix

Answer 9

A morpheme that is inserted into the middle of the stem. In English, only swear-words can do this.

Question 10

Inflectional morphemes

Answer 10

Change grammatical meaning like tense, plurality etc. and are all suffixes - s, s, s, ed, en, ing, er, est are the only 8 in English

Question 11

Derivational morphemes

Answer 11

Change lexical meaning and can be prefixes or suffixes - pre-, -ment, ex-, -ly and many more.

Question 12

Word classes

Answer 12

Different kinds of words that have different roles in sentences

Question 13

Word formation types

Answer 13

Acronyms, Archaism, Borrowing, Blends, Neologism, Compounding, Commonisation, Contractions, Collocations, Initialism, Shortening

Question 14

Blends

Answer 14

Parts of words combining - brunch, blog

Question 15

Neologism

Answer 15

Invented words with no discernible links - muggle

Question 16

Compounding

Answer 16

Whole words combining - football, bookshelf

Question 17

Commonisation

Answer 17

Proper nouns becoming common nouns - google, bandaid, esky (culturally different)

Question 18

Contraction

Answer 18

Subjects and verbs merging - I’ll, that’s. Only in certain parts of sentences

Question 19

Collocations

Answer 19

Words that occur together more naturally - strong tea, husband and wife, similar to

Question 20

Initialism

Answer 20

Words made up of initials and pronounced inidividually - RACV, AFL, NAB (can be both intitialism and acronym)

Question 21

Shortening

Answer 21

Reducing the length of a word - probs, Nat

Question 22

Affixation

Answer 22

Adding an affix to create a new word - happy becomes happiness

Question 23

Conversion

Answer 23

Using a word as a different word class without changing it at all - facebook (noun) becomes facebook (verb)

Question 24

Open or content word classes

Answer 24

Noun, verb, adjective, adverb - can be easily added to and carry the meaning of the sentence

Question 25

Nouns

Answer 25

Names of people, places and things. Take plural and possessive inflections (s, 's). Noun forming suffixes - tion, ance, ness, etc.

Question 26

Verbs

Answer 26

Doing or being words. Take tense inflections - (ed, en, s, ing). Verb forming suffixes - ify, ize, en, ate, al

Question 27

Adjectives

Answer 27

Describing words for nouns. Take comparative (er) and superlative (est) inflections. Adjective forming suffixes - ible, ant, ive

Question 28

Adverbs

Answer 28

Describing words for verbs and adjectives. Adjective + ly often forms adverbs suffixes

Question 29

Closed or function word classes

Answer 29

Preposition, determiner/article, interjection, pronoun, auxiliary and modal verbs, conjunction - cannot be easily added to and only offer grammatical meaning

Question 30

Prepositions

Answer 30

Describe position in time, space and attitude - in, at, according to, underneath

Question 31

Determiner

Answer 31

A modifying word that determines the reference of a noun, a, an, the, every

Question 32

Conjunction

Answer 32

Joins words, phrases or clauses. There are two types -co-ordinating and subordinating

Question 33

Co-ordinating conjunctions

Answer 33

Join equal elements - and, or, but,

Question 34

Subordinating conjunctions

Answer 34

Join unequal elements - because, though, despite,

Question 35

Pronouns

Answer 35

Replace nouns. There are many factors - singular/plural (I/we), masculine/feminine/neutral (he/she/it), interrogative (what/which), reflexive (himself), emphatic (myself) subjective/objective (I/me)

Question 36

Auxiliary verbs

Answer 36

Verbs that alter tense. To be, to have and all forms of these.

Question 37

Modal verbs

Answer 37

Auxiliary verbs that alter necessity or possibility. Must, shall, will, should, would, can, could, may, and might

Question 38

Interjections

Answer 38

Words that express emotion - wow, hey, boy!

Question 39

Root or stem

Answer 39

The main part of the word e.g. in the word unhappiness, the root is happy.

Question 40

Acronyms

Answer 40

Words made up of initials but pronounced as a word - ANZAC, SCUBA

Question 41

Archaism

Answer 41

Words or parts of words brought back into fashion - accio (from Latin for call or summon)

Question 42

Borrowing

Answer 42

Words from other languages that become part of English - kindergarten, croissant, pyjamas