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morphology > Morphology > Flashcards

Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

What is a morpheme?

A

Words that are said to be made up of smaller units. These units are the smallest units of meaning in the word.

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2
Q

Morphemes that attach to the beginning of words are called ________

A

Prefixes

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3
Q

Morphemes that attach to the end of the words are called________

A

Suffixes

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4
Q

Prefixes and Suffixes are called _______

A

Affixes

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5
Q

What are derivational morphemes?

A

Morphemes that associate with a change in meaning and SOMETIMES a change in word class.

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6
Q

A synonym for meaning is _______

A

Semantic

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7
Q

Can derivational morphemes have prefixes and suffixes?

?

A

Yes, derivational morphemes have both but suffixes are selective; they only attach to certain nouns.

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8
Q

What are inflectional morphemes?

A

Morphemes do not change in semantics but a change in grammatical function. Also, creates a new paradigm.

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9
Q

In English, what type of morphemes only have suffixes?

A

Inflectional morphemes

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10
Q

What does syntax involve?

A

A grammatical role

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11
Q

What type of word-class do Inflectional morphemes have?

A

Closed/ Fixed classes

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12
Q

Free morphemes are _________

A

Independent words

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13
Q

What is an infix?

A

A morpheme is placed within the root.

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14
Q

A circumfix is _____________

A

an affix consisting of 2 morphemes; one placed before the root and the other after the root.

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15
Q

A circumfix is also known as ______

A

A bound morpheme

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16
Q

Nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs are ________ words.

A

lexical / content

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17
Q

What are the 4 functional morphemes?

A

/s/, [z] , [iz] , [ɹɛn]

18
Q

What do functional morphemes do?

A

They make content words plural.

19
Q

Null morphemes are represented by ____

A

/Ø/

20
Q

What are compound words?

A

A combination of two or more words creates a single new word.

21
Q

What are the most frequent formed compound words in English?

A

Noun + Noun and Adjective + Noun

22
Q

Give 3 examples of Noun + Noun compound words.

A

Landlord, Chain-smoker, Snail mail

23
Q

“High chair” and “Blackboard” are examples of ________

A

Adjective + Noun compound words

24
Q

“Scarecrow” and “Go-cart” are examples of ________

A

Verb + Noun compound words

25
Q

Give 2 examples of Adjective + Adjective compound words.

A

Icy-hot and Bittersweet

26
Q

Give 2 examples of Preposition + Noun compound words.

A

Overdose and Underarm.

27
Q

The _______ determines the category of the compound word.

A

Head

28
Q

In which language are the most right-headed compound words are?

A

In English

29
Q

When the head determines the meaning of the compound, we say that it is ________

A

Endocentric

30
Q

When the head does not determine the meaning of the compound, it is called _______

A

Exocentric

31
Q

Which language is left-headed?

A

Spanish

32
Q

Define reduplication.

A

Reduplication is the morphological process by which a morpheme or part of a morpheme is repeated.

33
Q

Is reduplication a derivational function?

A

Yes, the newly formed word may have a different meaning, and sometimes a different word category.

34
Q

Define “Echoism” and give 3 examples.

A

Is the formation of words whose sound suggests their meaning (Onomatopoeia). Two examples are hiss, bang and moan.

35
Q

Name 6 types of word-formation processes.

A

Coinage (Invention), Clipping, Back-formation, Antonomasia, Blending and Acronyms.

36
Q

Define ‘coinage’ and give 3 examples.

A

Newly created words. For example, ‘Kodax, ‘Kleenex’ and ‘Goof’

37
Q

Define ‘clipping’ and give 3 examples.

A

Cutting off the beginning of the end of a word, or both, leaving a part to stand for the whole. For example, ‘lab,’ ‘gym’ and ‘exam.’

38
Q

Define ‘back-formation’ and give 2 examples.

A

It is the formation of a new word from one that looks like its derivative or formation by analogy. For example, ‘peddler’ and ‘beggar.’ Speakers followed an analogy that –er in those words are suffixes and created nonexistent verbs peddle, beg.

39
Q

Define ‘Antonomasia’ and give 2 examples.

A

The formation of a common noun, a verb, or an adjective from the name of a person or place. Examples are ‘boycott’ derives from Charles C. Boycott and ‘vandal’ derives from the Vandals.

40
Q

Define ‘Blending’ and give 2 examples.

A

The formation of a word by combing portions of two existing words. For example ‘spiced + ham = spam’ and ‘Breakfast + Lunch = Brunch.’

41
Q

Define ‘Acronymy’ and give 2 examples.

A

The formation of a word from the initials or beginnings segments of a phrase or title. For example, ‘UNICEF’ and ‘WHO.’

morphology (1 decks)

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