Morphology

Question 1

Affix

Answer 1

is a morpheme that is attached to a word stem to form a new word or word form.

Question 2

affixation

Answer 2

affixation is the process of adding a morpheme—or affix—to a word to create either a different form of that word or a new word with a different meaning

Question 3

agglutinating language

Answer 3

a linguistic process pertaining to derivational morphology in which complex words are formed by stringing together morphemes without changing them in spelling or phonetics.

Question 4

allomorph

Answer 4

a variant form of a morpheme, that is, when a unit of meaning varies in sound without changing the meaning

Question 5

alternation

Answer 5

alternation is a variation in the form and/or sound of a word or word part.

Question 6

ambiguity

Answer 6

a word, phrase, or statement which contains more than one meaning.

Question 7

analytic language

Answer 7

a language that primarily conveys relationships between words in sentences by way of helper words (particles, prepositions, etc.) and word order, as opposed to utilizing inflections (changing the form of a word to convey its role in the sentence).

Question 8

bound morpheme

Answer 8

a grammatical unit that never occurs by itself, but is always attached to some other morpheme

Question 9

bound root

Answer 9

a root which cannot occur as a separate word apart from any other morpheme.

Question 10

closed lexical category

Answer 10

A lexical category is a syntactic category for elements that are part of the lexicon of a language. These elements are at the word level.

Question 11

compounding

Answer 11

a lexeme (less precisely, a word or sign) that consists of more than one stem.

Question 12

conjunction

Answer 12

linguistic elements that link two or more words, phrases, clauses, or sentences within a larger unit, in such a way that a specific semantic relation is established between them

Question 13

content morpheme

Answer 13

a root that forms the semantic core of a major class word

Question 14

content word

Answer 14

words that have meaning

Question 15

derivation

Answer 15

is the formation of a new word or inflectable stem from another word or stem.

Question 16

determiner

Answer 16

a word or affix that belongs to a class of noun modifiers that expresses the reference, including quantity, of a noun.

Question 17

form

Answer 17

a meaningful unit of speech (such as a morpheme, word, or sentence

Question 18

free morpheme

Answer 18

a morpheme (or word element) that can stand alone as a word.

Question 19

function morpheme

Answer 19

a morpheme which simply modifies the meaning of a word, rather than supplying the root meaning.

Question 20

function word

Answer 20

words that have little lexical meaning or have ambiguous meaning and express grammatical relationships among other words within a sentence, or specify the attitude or mood of the speaker.

Question 21

fusional language

Answer 21

a language in which one form of a morpheme can simultaneously encode several meanings

Question 22

hierarchical structure

Answer 22

refers to any ordering of units or levels on a scale of size, abstraction, or subordination

Question 23

homophony

Answer 23

when a set of words are pronounced identically, but have different meanings

Question 24

incorporation

Answer 24

a phenomenon by which a grammatical category, such as a verb, forms a compound with its direct object (object incorporation) or adverbial modifier, while retaining its original syntactic function.

Question 25

infix

Answer 25

a word element (a type of affix) that can be inserted within the base form of a word—rather than at its beginning or end—to create a new word or intensify meaning.

Question 26

inflection

Answer 26

the change in the form of a word (in English, usually the addition of endings) to mark such distinctions as tense, person, number, gender, mood, voice, and case.

Question 27

input

Answer 27

refers to the exposure learners have to authentic language in use

Question 28

lexical category

Answer 28

A linguistic category of words (or more precisely lexical items), generally defined by the syntactic or morphological behaviour of the lexical item in question, such as noun or verb.

Question 29

lexicon

Answer 29

A linguistic category of words (or more precisely lexical items), generally defined by the syntactic or morphological behaviour of the lexical item in question, such as noun or verb.

Question 30

morpheme

Answer 30

are the minimal units of words that have a meaning and cannot be subdivided further

Question 31

morphology

Answer 31

the study of words

Question 32

open lexical category

Answer 32

refers to the category of content words—that is, parts of speech (or word classes) that readily accept new members.

Question 33

output

Answer 33

language spoken by second language learners themselves

Question 34

partial reduplication

Answer 34

when a word, an element of a word, or a phrase is repeated

Question 35

polysynthetic language

Answer 35

highly synthetic languages, i.e. languages in which words are composed of many morphemes

Question 36

prefix

Answer 36

an affix which is placed before the stem of a word

Question 37

preposition

Answer 37

is an adposition that occurs before its complement

Question 38

productive

Answer 38

the degree to which native speakers use a particular grammatical process, especially in word formation.

Question 39

pronoun

Answer 39

is a word that replaces a noun in a sentence

Question 40

reduplicant

Answer 40

a word, an element of a word, or a phrase is repeated

Question 41

reduplication

Answer 41

a morphological process in which the root or stem of a word (or part of it) or even the whole word is repeated exactly or with a slight change.

Question 42

root

Answer 42

a bound morpheme that is joined before, after, or within a root or stem

Question 43

simultaneous affix

Answer 43

is articulated at the same time as some other affix or affixes in a word’s stem; exists only in visual-gestural languages.

Question 44

stem

Answer 44

a part of a word used with slightly different meanings and would depend on the morphology of the language in question

Question 45

suffix

Answer 45

is an affix which is placed after the stem of a word.

Question 46

suppletion

Answer 46

the replacement of one stem with another, resulting in an allomorph of a morpheme which has no phonological similarity to the other allomorphs.