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ENG 211 > Morphology > Flashcards

Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

Affix

A

These must be attached to a word - they are prefixes, infixes, and suffixes

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2
Q

Affixation

A

This is the process of adding affixes to a word.

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3
Q

Agglutinating language

A

Agglutinate is a verb that linguists use when words are strung together to create new sounds and meanings. An agglutinating language forms words by combining morphemes.

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4
Q

Allomorph

A

Nondistinctive realizations of a particular morpheme that have the same function and are phonetically similar.

Example) The three pronounciations of plurals (s,z,-es) are allomorphs of the same morpheme

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5
Q

Alternation

A

Alternation is a variation in the form and/or sound of a word or word part.

Very similar to allomorphs

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6
Q

Ambiguity

A

When a word, phrase, or sentence has multiple meanings - it is open to interpretation.

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7
Q

Analytic language

A

Any language that uses specific grammatical words, or particles, rather than inflection to express syntactic relations within sentences.

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8
Q

Bound morphemes

A

Cannot occur on their own

ex) de- in detoxify, -tion in motion, cran- in cranberry, -s in hands etc.

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9
Q

Bound root

A

These are root morphemes which cannot appear on its own. (Only the endings)

ex) Dis -suade (dis-) and re -ceive (but not re-)

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10
Q

Closed lexical category

A

A set of words that finite and do not typically allow new members to be added to the language. They cannot be added to to other morphemes. AKA closed-classes

conjunctions, prepositions, articles, auxiliaries, and pronouns

ex) she, her, but, nor

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11
Q

Compounding

A

Two or more words together, that also have meaning seperately.

example) swim team, picture frame

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12
Q

Conjunction

A

Typically function morphemes, they either serve to tie elements together grammatically or express obligatory morphological features like definitness.

ex) You and me, walk by the street

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13
Q

Content morpheme

A

AKA open-class morphemes. The stems of nouns, verbs, adjectives are content morphemes. We can add morphemes to these words.

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14
Q

Content word

A

Morphemes that express some general referential or informational contal.

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15
Q

Derivation

A

A derivational morpheme changes the part of speech of the word when added to the free morpheme (w/ some exceptions)

ex) pre-, un-, -ish, -less, -ly

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16
Q

Determiner

A

A word that modifies, describes, or introduces a noun.

Ex) this hill, the box

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17
Q

Form

A

Any meaningful unit of speech such as word, sentence, phrase, structure, morpheme, suffix

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18
Q

Free morpheme

A

The type of morpheme that can stand alone as words by themselves

*free morphemes have two categories

ex) friend, boy, tree

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19
Q

Function morpheme

A

Words that do not have clear meaning but has grammatical functions

AKA closed-class

ex) she, we, nor

20
Q

Function word

A

A word that expresses grammatical relationship with other words in a sentence

ex) on, near, above

21
Q

Fusional language

A

A type of synthetic language where a single morpheme can express multiple grammatical categories by combining them into one form. Similar to agglutination

22
Q

Hierarchial structure

A

Visualized using tree diagrams usually - organizes language in nested, layered systems where smaller units combine larger units

ex) unlocakble, 1. un 2. lock 3. able

23
Q

Homophony

A

When words have the same pronouncation but differ in meaning

24
Q

Incorporation

A

Similar to compounding - the grammatical process where a grammatical category combines with another element to form a compound word

ex) babysit, househunt, sleepwalk

25
Q

Infix

A

Morphemes/affixes that are inserted within another form

26
Q

Inflection

A

Morphemes that are used to indicate aspects of the grammatical function of the word

example)) -est, -er

27
Q

Input

A

What a learner hears and processes in the target language

28
Q

Lexical category

A

Parts of speech or AKA word classes

Noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, interjection, etc.

29
Q

Lexicon

A

A language’s full collection of words used by a person, or even different professions or hobbies

30
Q

Morpheme

A

The smallest meaningful unit in the grammar of a language

31
Q

Morphology

A

Deals with morphemes and how they make up words

32
Q

Open lexical category

A

AKA open class - we can add morphemes to these words

33
Q

Output

A

What we can produce in the target language through speaking or writing

34
Q

Partial reduplication

A

Examples) flip-flop and chit-chat
The first word is only partially repeated.

35
Q

Polysynthetic language

A

A language where words are made up of multiple morphemes, or word parts, and can express complex ideas in a single (usually very long) word.

36
Q

Prefix

A

An affix that precedes a word

37
Q

Preposition

A

They precede the noun phrase they introduce

ex) in, on, under, with

38
Q

Productive

A

Regular in form or meaning

39
Q

Pronoun

A

Function morphemes like she, her, his etc.

40
Q

Reduplicant

A

Repeating part or all of the word

ex) boo-boo, lovey-dovey

41
Q

Reduplication

A

Repeating all of the word for plurality, intensification, poetic device

42
Q

Root

A

The basic part of a word that carries meaning

43
Q

Simultaneous affix

A

An affix that occurs at the same time as the root

44
Q

Stem

A

When a root morpheme is combined with affix morpheme

45
Q

Suffix

A

Affixes that *follow *the stem

46
Q

Suppletion

A

Using two or more phonetically distinct roots for different forms of the same word

ex) bad and worse

ENG 211 (6 decks)

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