Morley Ch 4, 5, and 8 MC Flashcards
Computer crime is sometimes referred to as ____.
cybercrime
____ occurs whenever an individual gains access to a computer, network, file, or other resource without permission.
unoauthorized access
____ refers to the act of breaking into a computer or network.
hacking
____ are sets of tools that allow hackers to access a system.
Rootkits
Advocates of ____ state that, unless individuals or businesses protect their access points, they are welcoming others to use them.
war driving
The term ____ refers to accessing someone else’s unsecured Wi-Fi network from the hacker’s current location (such as inside his or her home, outside a Wi-Fi hotspot location, or near a local business).
Wi-Fi piggybacking
____, the most commonly used type of possessed knowledge, are secret words or character combinations associated with an individual.
Passwords
____ access systems use physical objects for identification purposes and they are frequently used to control access to facilities and computer systems.
Possessed Object
Increasingly, USB security keys, also called USB security ____—USB flash drives that are inserted into a computer to grant access to a network, to supply Web site usernames and passwords, or to provide other security features—are being used.
tokens
____ identify users by a particular unique biological characteristic.
Biometric access systems
A ____ is a security system that essentially creates a wall between a computer or network and the Internet in order to protect against unauthorized access.
firewall
____ uses a single secret key to both encrypt and decrypt the file or message.
Private key encryption
Some Web-based encrypted e-mail systems—such as the popular free ____ service—require both the sender and recipient to have accounts through that system.
Hushmail
A ____ provides a secure private tunnel from the user’s computer through the Internet to another destination and is most often used to provide remote employees with secure access to a company
Virtual private network
____ are acts of malicious destruction to a computer or computer resource.
Computer sabatoge
A computer that is controlled by a hacker or other computer criminal is referred to as a ____.
bot
____ is a generic term that refers to any type of malicious software.
Malware
A computer ____ is a software program that is installed without the permission or knowledge of the computer user, that is designed to alter the way a computer operates, and that can replicate itself to infect any new media it has access to.
virus
Like a computer virus, a ____ is a malicious program designed to cause damage.
computer worm
A ____ is a malicious program that masquerades as something else—usually as some type of application program.
trojan horse
A computer ____ spreads by creating copies of its code and sending those copies to other computers via a network.
computer worm
One emerging type of Trojan horse is called a ____-Access Trojan.
Remote
A booming area of computer crime involves online fraud, theft, scams, and related activities collectively referred to as ____.
dot cons
____ occurs when someone obtains enough information about a person to be able to masquerade as that person for a variety of activities—usually to buy products or services in that person’s name.
Identity theft
Antivirus programs are usually set up to automatically download new ____ from their associated Web site on a regular basis.
virus definitions
____ can be extremely distressing for victims, can take years to straighten out, and can be very expensive.
Identity theft
Phishing schemes may use a technique called ____, which is setting up spoofed Web sites with addresses slightly different from legitimate sites.
typosquatting
____ is a type of scam that uses spoofed domain names to obtain personal information for use in fraudulent activities.
Pharming
The best protection against many dot cons is ____.
common sense
Repeated threats or other harassment carried out online between adults is referred to as ____.
cyberstalking
Our networked society has raised a number of ____ concerns.
privacy
Hardware loss, as well as other security issues, can result from hardware damage (both intentional and accidental) and ____.
system failure
Although many of us may prefer not to think about it, ____—the complete malfunction of a computer system—and other types of computer-related disasters do happen.
system failure
To facilitate using a computer lock, nearly all computers today come with a ____—a small opening built into the system unit case designed for computer locks.
security slot
____ can be used to secure portable computers, external hard drives, and other portable pieces of hardware to a table or other object.
Cable locks
____ systems encrypt everything stored on the drive (the operating system, application programs, data, temporary files, and so forth) automatically without any user interaction.
FDE
Some software tools are not designed to prevent hardware from being stolen; instead, they are designed to aid in its ____.
recovery
____ devices are designed to withstand much more physical abuse than conventional devices.
ruggedized
Laptop ____ protect portable computers from scratches and other damage when they are carried in a conventional briefcase or bag.
sleeves
____ devices typically have a durable case and are spill-resistant, but may not withstand falls from three feet or more onto concrete.
Semirugged
____ are small programs that take care of software-specific problems, or bugs, such as security holes.
patches
Creating a ____ means making a duplicate copy of important files so that when a problem occurs, you can restore those files using the copy.
backup
To supplement backup procedures, businesses and other organizations should have a(n) ____.
disaster recovery plan
A(n) ____ is an alternate location equipped with the computers, cabling, desks, and other equipment necessary to keep a business’s operations going.
hot site
To prevent the counterfeiting of U.S. currency, the Treasury Department releases new currency designs every ____.
7-10 years
The term ____ refers to the rights of individuals and companies to control how information about them is collected and used.
information privacy
____ are used for marketing purposes, such as sending advertisements that fit each individual’s interests or trying to sign people up over the phone for some type of service.
Marketing databases
A marketing activity that can be considered a privacy risk is ____.
electronic profiling
Collecting in-depth information about an individual is known as ____.
electronic profiling
Most businesses and Web sites that collect personal information have a(n) ____ that discloses how the personal information you provide will be used.
privacy policy
When spam is sent via IM it is called ____.
spim
For online shopping, signing up for free offers, discussion groups, product registration, and other activities that typically lead to junk e-mail, use a disposable or ____.
throw-away email address
One common way to deal with spam that makes it to your computer is to use a(n) ____.
email filter
By ____, you instruct companies you do business with that they cannot share your personal data with third parties.
opting out
To ____ means to request that you be included in marketing activities or that your information be shared with other companies.
opt in
____ is used specifically for the purpose of recording keystrokes or otherwise monitoring someone’s computer activity.
Computer monitoring software
____ is the use of video cameras to monitor activities of individuals, such as employees or individuals in public locations, for work-related or crime-prevention purposes.
Video surveillance
____ refers to companies recording or observing the actions of employees while on the job.
Employee monitoring
____ cameras are also increasingly being installed in schools in the United States and other countries to enable administrators to monitor both teacher and student activities.
Video surveillance
For monitoring the physical locations of employees, video cameras can be used, but another possibility is the use of ____.
proximity cards
Typically, 3D chips are created by layering individual ____ wafers on top of one another with a special machine that uses cameras to align the wafers properly.
silicon
____ chips have a special coating that changes its physical state when heat is applied.
PRAM
____ displays are transparent and can emit light toward the top and bottom of the display surface; the portion of the display that does not currently have an image displayed (and the entire display device when it is off) is nearly as transparent as glass, so the user can see through the screen.
TOLED
Designed initially for mobile phones and other portable devices, an IMOD screen is essentially a complex mirror that uses ____ light to display images.
external
To record data, holographic storage systems split the light from a blue laser beam into two beams–a ____ beam whose angle determines the address used to store data at that particular location on the storage medium and a signal beam that contains the data.
reference
With holographic storage systems, the signal beam passes through a device called a ____ light modulator (SLM) which translates the data’s 0s and 1s into a hologram.
spatial
Today’s holographic storage systems typically consist of a holographic drive and removable recordable holographic media cartridges; current capacity is ____ GB per cartridge, with 1.6 TB cartridges expected in the near future.
300
Most people agree that nanotechnology involves creating computer components, machines, and other structures that are less than ____ nanometers in size.
100
The wall of a single-walled carbon nanotube is only one carbon atom thick and the tube diameter is approximately ____ times smaller than a human hair.
10,000
One recent development in new technology is ____ that can remove contaminants from water sources.
nanoparticles
A(n) ____ computer uses light, such as from laser beams or infrared beams, to perform digital computations.
optical
While some researchers are working on developing an all-optical computer, others believe that a mix of optical and electronic components, referred to as an ____ computer, may be the best bet for the future.
opto-electronic
One new improvement to videoconferencing technology to make it more closely mimic a real-time meeting environment is ____ conferencing.
telepresence
Power over Ethernet (PoE) allows both ____ power and data to be sent over standard Ethernet cables.
electrical
Developed in the late 1990s, Wi-Fi (for wireless fidelity) is a family of wireless networking standards that use the IEEE standard ____.
802.11
The speed and distance of a Wi-Fi network depends on a variety of factors, such as the particular Wi-Fi standard and ____.
The number of solid objects between the access point and PC (walls, doors)
Interference from devices using radio frequencies (baby monitors, microwave ovens)
The hardware being used
In general, Wi-Fi is designed for data transfers between ____ feet indoors.
100 and 300
____ is one of the Wi-Fi standards most widely used today.
802.11g
____ applications that exist in some form today include intelligent agents, expert systems, neural networks, and robotics.
Artificial intelligence
____ provide help or assistance for a particular application program. Some can detect when the user might be having trouble with the program and automatically offer appropriate advice.
Application assistants
The ____ Web is a predicted evolution of the current Web in which all Web content is stored in formats that are more easily read by software applications and intelligent agents.
Semantic
One example of a neural network is a(n) ____ system that uses cameras to inspect objects and make determinations–for example, the systems that check products for defects at manufacturing plants.
vision
When using a(n) ____ system, it is important to realize that its conclusions are based on the data and rules stored in its knowledge base, as well as the information provided by the users.
expert
____ is the process of connecting the brain with a computer, such as implanting electrodes directly into the brain to restore lost functionality to or facilitate the communications of severely disabled
BCI
Privacy-rights advocates worry that the ____ could someday be used by the government to track citizens.
VeriChip
____ is involved with the development of robotic prosthetic arms that feel, look, and perform like natural arms, which will be used by military personnel who are injured in the line of duty.
DARPA
An emerging military robotic application is the ____ suit, which is a wearable robotic system designed to give an individual additional physical capabilities and protection.
exoskeleton
Telesurgery is typically ____ than normal surgery.
more precise
less invasive
