More Test 1 highlights

Question 1

The motor nuclei of the Facial nerve and the Glossopharyngeal nerve (superior and inferior salivary nuclei) are located where?

Answer 1

border of pons and medulla

Question 2

Where is the motor nucleus for CN IX, X, and XI (nucleus Ambiguous)?

Answer 2

dorsal medulla

Question 3

What cranial nerve motor nucleus is located in the medulla beneath the 4th ventricle?

Answer 3

Nucleus of Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)

Question 4

T/F: The sensory nucleus of CN V is located at the level of mid pons along with the motor nucleus.

Answer 4

False; sensory nucleus (mesencephalic nucleus of trigeminal) is located in the mid brain, but the motor nucleus is located at the level of mid pons

Question 5

What is the term for a complete loss of smell, which is not usually indicative of a cortical lesion?

Answer 5

Anosmia; perversion, hallucination, or diminution of smell is more likely with a cortical lesion

Question 6

What is the term for a decreased sense of smell?

increased sense of smell?

Answer 6

Hyposmia;

Hyperosmia

Question 7

What is the term for a perversion of smell?

abnormally disagreeable smell?

Answer 7

Parosmia;

Cacosmia

Question 8

Which neurons pass through the cribriform plate, primary or secondary?

Answer 8

primary

Question 9

Where do myelinated, secondary neurons of the olfactory tract terminate?

Answer 9

in the primary olfactory cortex

Question 10

Which neurons of the olfactory tract extend from the primary olfactory cortex to the entorhinal cortex (area 28), lateral preoptic area, amygdaloid body, and the medial forebrain bundle?

Answer 10

tertiary neurons

Question 11

T/F: The order of the cells associated with the Optic Nerve is, Rods and cones->Ganglion cells->Bipolar cells

Answer 11

False: Rods and cones->bipolar cells->Ganglion cells

Question 12

What is the term for sunken in eyes?

Answer 12

Enophthalmus

Question 13

What visual apparatus lesion involves the optic nerve or tract and is most commonly caused by MS?

Answer 13

Retrobulbar neuritis

Question 14

What visual apparatus lesion involves various forms of retinitis such as, simple, proteinuric, syphilitic, diabetic, hemorrhagic, and hereditary?

Answer 14

Optic or Bulbar neuritis

Question 15

What visual apparatus lesion is a common symptom seen with increased intracranial pressure due to brain tumors, abscesses, hemorrhage, hypertension, etc?

Answer 15

Papilledema aka Choked Disc

Question 16

What visual apparatus lesion is associated with decreased visual acuity and a change in the color of the optic disc to light pink, white, or gray?

Answer 16

Optic atrophy

Question 17

What visual apparatus lesion is caused by processes that involve the optic nerve and do not produce papilledema?

Answer 17

Primary optic atrophy

Question 18

T/F: Secondary optic atrophy is a sequel of papilledema?

Answer 18

True

Question 19

T/F: Primary (simple) optic atrophy may be due to neuritis, glaucoma, or increased intracranial pressure.

Answer 19

False; this is true of Secondary Optic Atrophy; Primary may be due to tabes dorsalis, MS, or hereditary

Question 20

What syndrome may be caused by tumors at the base of the frontal lobe and is characterized by ipsilateral blindness and anosmia and contralateral papilledema?

Answer 20

Foster Kennedy Syndrome

Question 21

What syndrome involves cerebromacular degeneration with severe mental deficiency occuring in Jewish families, and is associated with blindness, optic atrophy, and a dark cherry red spot in place of the macula lutea?

Answer 21

Amaurotic familial idiocy aka Tay-Sachs Disease

Question 22

What syndrome involves a pupil which only reacts to accommodation (no light reflex), seen in patients with neuorsyphillis and/or diabetes?

Answer 22

Argyll Robertson pupil

Question 23

Which syndrome involves a “myotonic pupil?”

Answer 23

Holmes-Adie Syndrome

Question 24

What is the term for deviation of bilateral eye alignment?

Answer 24

heterotropia

Question 25

T/F: the term for outward/lateral movement of the eyes is esotropia.

Answer 25

False; this is Exotropia, esotropia is inward/medial

Question 26

What is the primary function of the Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus?

Answer 26

coordinate eye movements

Question 27

There are 2 separate supranuclear pathways for eye movements. Which is thought to control mostly saccadic (rapid or darting) eye movement? Which is thought to control mostly smooth or following eye movement?

Answer 27

frontal lobe;

occipital lobe

Question 28

What is the term for involuntary eye oscillations?

Answer 28

Nystagmus

Question 29

T/F: Disease of CN II will diminish pupilloconstriction unilaterally.

Answer 29

False; bilaterally

Question 30

What syndrome involves a pupil that reacts to light very slowly, remains constrcted longer, and then dilates very slowly? This occurs most often in which demographic?

Answer 30

Holmes-Adie Syndrome aka Adie’s Pupil or tonic pupil;

occurs most in young females

Question 31

What syndrome involves sympathetic hyofunction, often due to lesions of the neck proximal to the carotid artery bifurcation that compress ascending sympathetic fibers?

Answer 31

Horner’s syndrome

Question 32

Paralysis of the superior tarsal muscle?

Answer 32

Ptosis

Question 33

What is facial anhydrosis?

Answer 33

lack of sweating due to denervation of sweat glands ipsilaterally