more science

Question 1

list foods where useful bacteria and fungi are used

Answer 1

bacteria are used to make yogurt,fungi are used to make bread,beer and wine

Question 2

name the gas that yeast produces.

Answer 2

carbon dioxide

Question 3

list the conditions needed for microbes to grow and reproduce.

Answer 3

nutrients,water,oxygen,a suitable pH and need to be warm

Question 4

identify methods of food preservation and how they work.

Answer 4

Pickling - uses low pH (acids) which prevents the growth of microorganisms
Drying - removal of water prevents growth of microorganisms
Canning - very high temperature. The lid prevents oxygen getting into the can
Freezing - low temperatures prevent growth of microorganisms

Question 5

The definition of the term pathogenic.

Answer 5

Harmful micro-organisms that cause disease
They are spread through: Sneezing, coughing, touch, on hands

Question 6

How pathogenic organisms are killed/stop spreading.

Answer 6

Hand washing, covering your mouth when coughing or sneezing.

Question 7

list the first,second and third lines of defences for the body.

Answer 7

First - skin, ears, eyes, stomach acid
Second - Phagocytes (white blood cells) create antibodies which engulf and kill the pathogen.
Third - Antibody production, the body makes memory cells to fight the infection the next time the pathogen enters the body.

Question 8

Describe what antibiotics and antifungals are.

Answer 8

Antibiotics - are special medicines used to stop pathogenic (harmful) bacteria reproducing or to kill them.