More Problems with experiments

Question 1

Demand charachteristics

Define

Answer 1

Cues that make participants unconciously aware of the aims of the study or help participants work out what the reasercher expects to find.
Could become EVs or confounding variables.

Question 2

Investigator effects

Define

Answer 2

Anything that the reasercher uninentionally does that will have an effect on the data, collected in the study, they may be direct a influincing participants behaviour direct or indirect

Question 3

Demand characterisitcs

Orne 1962

Answer 3

In an experiment the participant will look for cues on how to behave, these cues will make their behaviour change and act as extrenious variable.

Question 4

Demand charachteristics

Example

Answer 4

If an individual does a memory test in the morning and afternoon, they might realise that they are measuring performance with time of day so will try to do the same in both.

Question 5

Investigator effects

Rosenthal and Fode 1963

Answer 5

Being told little things that will effect how they feel.
R+F asked students to train a rat and told some they were fast learners and the others were slow, this made the learnes expect the speed the rats can do the maze to be different.
‘the rats were the same’

Investigators might leave the room to avoid these

Question 6

Dealing with these issues

Single Blind Design

Answer 6

The participants are not aware of the aims of the experiment, this prevents them from looking at the cues and descovring what the point of the experiment is.

Question 7

Dealing with the problems

Double Blind Design

Answer 7

Both participant and the conductor dont know what the point of the study is- they are both blind to the aim.

Question 8

Dealing with the problems

Experimental realism

Answer 8

Making the experiment so entertaining that they arent intrested in finding out the purpose and the fact they are being observed is ignored

Question 9

Participant variables

Define and explain

Answer 9

Characterisitcs of the participants, like age intellegence, gender. These count as Evs in an independent group design and will become confounding if not controlled.

Question 10

Situational Variables

Define and explain

Answer 10

These are features of the reaserch situation that may influence participants behaviour and act as an EV.
Order effects are ab example, improved performace may be due to practice.