more on modelling

Question 1

parental modelling

Answer 1

Brown and Ogden 2004

Key Role of Modelling:

The study found significant correlations between parent and child behaviors regarding reported snack intake, eating motivations, and body dissatisfaction. This suggests that children tend to imitate or model their eating behaviors based on their parents’ behaviors.
Parental Modeling is Consistent:

Modelling appears to have a consistent impact on children’s eating behaviors, meaning that the behaviors parents demonstrate—intentionally or not—shape their children’s attitudes and habits toward food, regardless of attempts to control the child’s diet.
Contrast with Parental Control:

The findings suggest that modelling (parents leading by example) is a more effective and positive method for influencing children’s eating behaviors compared to direct parental control (e.g., strict dietary rules or using food as a tool for behavior control).
While parental control had mixed effects (sometimes leading to higher intakes of unhealthy snacks or increased body dissatisfaction), modelling provided a more stable and healthier influence.
Implication:

The study concludes that positive parental role modelling (parents demonstrating healthy eating behaviors themselves) is a more effective and sustainable approach for improving a child’s diet than using restrictive or controlling methods.

Question 2

social modelling and eating behaviour implications

Answer 2

Suwalska 2021-

Review- showing strong modelling effects, social modelling effects-

social modeling and social norms manipulations may be used to change people’s dietary practices, especially in children and young adults. Within the home environment parental modeling has been shown to promote children’s snacking and fruit and vegetable consumption. Social modeling may be used in nutrition interventions aimed at the improvement of children’s diet and in obesity prevention programs.

Question 3

more on norms

Answer 3

According to Cialdini’s social norm theory (e.g. 1998), one way that norms may work is through normative influence, whereby behaviour is copied because it is seen as socially approved of, accepted, or where there is a concern to ‘fit in’ with a certain group (Cialdini & Goldstein, 2004

Social norms have also had an effect on eating behaviour. In cross-sectional work, participants’ perceptions of what others eat have been found to influence their own consumption of calorific foods (Robinson, Ottens & Hermans, 2016) and fruit and vegetables (e.g. Lally, Wardle & Bartle, 2011).

However, hawkins, thomas farrow 2022 show that the effect of percieved social norms varies depending on the type of food- they highlighted more research is needed if we want to implement or manipulate the use of social norms to promote healthy eating behaviours

Question 4

adolescence restraint and social norms

Answer 4

Haycraft 2015-

Adolescence who showed restraint was positively predicted by the dietary restraint by members in their friendship group- norms within these friendship groups had an effect on this relationship-

links to the situated identity enactment model (Cruwys et al., 2016)