More objectives - 2nd half

Question 1

Sinus arrythmia

Answer 1

HR increases during inspiration and decreases during expiration

Question 2

Sinus bradycardia

Answer 2

Less than 60

Question 3

Sinus tach

Answer 3

above 100, look for underlying conditions, bblockers may be used

Question 4

PSVT

Answer 4

paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
HR regular, but rapid rate, palpitations
-episodes begin and end abruptly
-most common in young adults and in people without structural heart damage, largely benign

Question 5

WPW

Answer 5

Regular rhythm, rapid rate, accessory pathway: KENT bundles. Treat with adenosine or calcium channel blockers.

Question 6

A fib

Answer 6

Irregularly irregular heart thythm, pt is tachy, increased risk of stroke.

Rarely life threatning, 2/3rds of pts will revert to sinus rhythm.

Question 7

PAC

Answer 7

Asymptomatic isolated interruption of regular rhythm. Does not require tx.

Question 8

atrial flutter

Answer 8

regular rhythm but tachy, palpitations and fatigue. Often seen in COPD, Sawtooth EKG. Electrocardioversion.

Question 9

Vtach

Answer 9

frequent complication of MI, often associated with structural heart disease. Tx - cardioversion and amiodarone/procainamide. Can lead to death.

Question 10

Vfib

Answer 10

Most common cause of sudden cardiac death, many die within 1 hr of onset. Closely related to CAD; preceeded by ventricular tach unless acute MI.

Question 11

Long QT syndrome

Answer 11

secondary to antiarrythmic agents, antidepressants, abx, can also be congenital. Causes syncope, death. Treat with Bblocker and pacing for congenital form, bblockers for acquired form.

Question 12

ventricular vs. atrial rhythm

Answer 12

Atrial: “I’ve got palpitations!”
Ventricular: “I’m on the floor”