more need to know Flashcards
NH3
ammonia
O3
ozone
diatomic molecules
H2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2, O2, N2
light order greatest to least wavelength
gammas rays, x rays, UV, visible, infrared, microwave, radio
ionization energy (always positive/ endothermic) trend
decreases as n increases / down the periodic table, increases to the right as zeff increases
exceptions to ionization energy trend
changing subshells, Be should be <b>B bc putting first e- in new subshell and Be is closed subshell, glitch between p3 to p4 bc e-/e- repulsion</b>
n
distance from nucleus / energy / shell
L
L=n-1 to 0, 3D shape
3D shapes of L
0=s=sphere, 1=p=two teardrops, 2=d=four leaf clover, 3=f
ML
magnetic q#, orientation in 3D, ML=each # value from +L to -L
3D orientations of ML
0 = 1 orbital = 1s, +1/0/-1 = 3 orbitals = 2p, //////
orbitals
orbitals = 2L+1
orbitals in sublevel
orbitals = 2L+1
Ms
spin q#, no impact on energy, +1/2 or -1/2, says 2 e- go in an orbital
Ms
spin q#, no impact on energy, +1/2 or -1/2, says 2 e- go in an orbital
sublevels in a level
sublevels in a level = n
orbitals in a level
orbitals in a level = n^2
3 coulomb’s law conclusions?
- the potential E of like charges is positive and decreases with distance, as they repel to reach lower potential energy
- the potential E of unlike charges is negative and becomes more negative as they get closer, as they attract to reach lower potential E
- the magnitude of the interaction between charged particles increases with the charge increase
zeff
effective nuclear charge, the total attraction an e- feels toward the nucleus, with the protons adding / attracting and the other e- subtracting / repelling
penetration
a shielded e- coming closer to the nucleus, penetrating the e- cloud of the shielding e-, feeling more attraction, experiencing greater nuclear charge and lowering E
order of orbitals
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s
nonmetals ___ e-
metals ___ e-
nonmetals gain e-, metals lose e-
1A alkali metals ions
1A (H to Fr) lose an e- to become +1
2A alkaline art metals ion
2A (Be to Ra) lose 2 e- to become +2
7A halogens ion
7A (F to At) gain an e- to become -1
atomic radius trend
atomic radius increases down, decreases to the right, peaking at each alkali metal
ionization energy trend for main group elements
IE decreases down, increases right
electron affinity trend for main group elements
EA no trend, except 1A more positive down, more negative to the right
ionic bond
cation metal and anion nonmetal atoms, form lattice in solid state, transfer e-
covalent bonds
nonmetals, form molecules, share e-
to name ionic compounds
name of cation (metal) + name of anion (non) + -ide i.e. KCl is potassium chloride
