More Final materials Flashcards
What are torrido’s?
How can we avoid them?
Tasty triangular chips!
No really they are not…
They are these pesky sea worms that burrow into our precious logs when we leave them in saltwater. So we need brackish or freshwater areas when we want to store log booms.
What are hydrophytic plants? Where would you find them in abundance?
what creates these ecological conditions?
Hydrophytic plants are plants that thrive in low oxygen and low ph environments.(skunk cabbage, sedges, bull rush etc)
They are a good indicator that you are in a wetland area.
These conditions are a result of slow moving water and saturated soils
What are the 4 factors in determining the classification of a wetland?
SMR - M, Vm, W, Vw
SNR - Vp, P, Mr, R, Vr, Alk/Saline
Ph- VA, MA, SA, N, Alkaline
Hydrodynamic Index (how fast water moves through area) 1-5
What are the 4 types of wetlands?
differentiate by describing each and giving the Alphabetic symbols
bogs : Peat soils, dominated by sphagnum moss. Acidic, stagnant water, Low-nutrients (Wb)
Fens: Peat soils, neutral - alkaline, med nutrients, mineral bearing groundwater, Sedges (Wf)
Marshes: mineral soils - permanently to seasonally flooded, nutrients rich, rushes, sedges, cat-tails (Wm)
Swamps: mineral/organic mix soils - Can have tall trees/mixed shrubs, periodic floods, medium rich, (Ws) INCLUDES ESTUARY, FLOOD AND TRANSITION LOCATIONS
What exactly is peat???
Waterlogged Sphagnum moss and organic material that doesn’t fully decompose due to lack of oxygen.
Where do you find peat?
Bogs and Fens, mostly bogs.
what is the basis of differentiation for wetland classification?
Complexity
Size
Bec Zone
What are some laws that we should be familiar with as foresters?
Forest range and practices act
Species at risk act
Fisheries act (big one)
Drinking water protection act
What % of soil is pore space?? How does this effect soils?
40 - 60%
When these spaces gets filled with water, soil becomes unstable and mass wasting can occur. This is because when soil is saturated or very wet the angle of repose can be significantly reduced and the powers of gravity overcome the forces that hold the soil together.
What procedure should be followed when yarding?
Best laid out for uphill logging
reason is to prevent concentrated water from the hillside flowing all to one location.
Why might we want to avoid steep bitches? Pitches! I said Pitches!
building roads on a steep pitch is becoming a thing of the past due to the issues it creates with slope stability. Poor layout of roads on steep slopes have resulted in many landslides and debris flows that always make it into the water to some degree.
What might you want to consider if your only option is to build a road on a steep pitch?
Include many culverts and ensure that they are properly aligned to maintain the natural structure of streams that cross the road.
Include deep ditches and make sure they are clear of debris
Use the “full bench cut” method of road construction where the extracted material is removed
Crown the road
What is the difference between adverse and favourable logging?
adverse logging is when the logging truck has to drive UP steep slopes when transporting logs
Whats an alluvial fan?
What are avulsions?
Why is it an issue?
An area where a confined stream channel discharges into an unconfined area. The result over time is a raised fan shaped area.
Avulsions are changes of channel locations as a function of built up woody debris and sediment.
Avulsions are an issue because it makes a stream unpredictable and cause fine sediment soil deposits that have low trafficabilty.
What is turbidity and how is it measured?
Cloudiness or haziness of water at a level that is visible to the naked eye. The measurement of turbidity is an accurate test of water quality.
measured in NTU (nephelometric turbidity units) with a nephelometer that uses light to measure concentration and size of suspended particles.
5 NTU would cause visible cloudiness
25 NTU would be murky and reduce visibility considerably
