Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI- Week 6 > More f@$%# liver. > Flashcards

More f@$%# liver. Flashcards

1
Q

What causes HELP syndrome?

A

A rare complication of eclampsia in preganancy

Hemolysis
Elevated liver enzymes
Low
Platelets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is acute fatty liver of pregnancy?

A

Disorder that occurs in preganancy>

ACUTE onset of LIVER DYSFXN (severe> acute hepatic failure/death)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is seen on a liver biopsy of a pt with acute fatty liver of pregnancy?

A

microvesicular steatosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy?

A

Estrogenic hormones and biliary secretory defects>
mild increase in serum conjugated bilirubin>
slightly increased risk of:
fetal distress
still births
prematurity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What 3 liver abnormalities can occur in pts receiving a bone marrow transplant?

A
  1. Drug toxicity
  2. sinusoidal obstruction syndrome
  3. graft vs host disease (portal inflammation> vanishing bile ducts w/ fibrosis and cirrhosis)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of liver abnormalities can occur in pts receiving a liver transplant?

A
  1. Preservation injury (oxygen radicals in hypoxic organ> damage sinusoid)
  2. anastomatic problems
  3. Rejection (acute or chronic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the MC benign neoplasm of the liver?

A

Hemangioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a lesion of DISCRETE RED BLUE HEMORRHAGIC NODULES composed of DILATED endothelial lined BLOOD FILLED channels that is often accidentially found?

A

Hemangioma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a simple liver cyst?

A

Single/small cluster of cysts

composed of atrophic BILIARYepithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is polycystic liver disease?

A

multiple cysts assocaited w/ polycystic kidney disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a choledochal cyst?

A

CONGENITAL dilation of the common BILE DUCT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What complications are associated w/ choledochal cysts?

A

Dilated common bile duct>

  1. biliary obstruction
  2. stones
  3. bile duct carcinoma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is Caroli’s disease?

A

congenital disorder>
intrahepatic biliary dilations>
1. congenital hepatic fibrosis
2. increases risk of cholangiocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is congenital hepatic fibrosis?

A

AR
non cirrhotic fibrotic liver disease of children

Assoc w/ PCKD
Increases risk of cholangiocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is focal nodular hyperplasia?

A

Localized vascular occlusive event>
Proliferation of liver parenchyma (CV, hepatocytes, portal triads)>
WELL DEMARCATED lesion
NOT malignant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is nodular regenerative hyperplasia?

A

diffuse NONfibrosing hyperplasia of the liver

*pts are usually assumptomatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What may be seen on angiography of focal nodular hyperplasia?

A

Peripheral filling pattern w/ central scar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a key complication of nodular regenerative hyperplasia?

A

Often assocaited w/ conditions that affect intrahepatic blood flow:

  1. solid organ transplant
  2. bone marrow transplant
  3. vasculitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A young adult is asymptomatic but pathology of the liver reveals a mass w/ CENTRAL FIBROUS scar and STELLATE configuration.

Dx?

A

Focal nodular hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is hepatocellular adenoma?

A

well circumscribed BENIGN neoplasm composed of well differentiated hepatocytes>
hemorrhagic necrosis>
massive bleed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What population commonly gets hepatocellular adenomas?

A

Young reproductive age women

Assoc: OCP w/ high estrogen and anabolic steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the difference between a bile duct hamartoma and a bile duct adenoma?

A

hamartoma- MULTIPLE small white nodules

adenoma- SOLITARY, benign proliferation of bile ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe a CT image finding of a malignancy metastatic to the liver.

A

Multiple hepatic metasteses

solitary liver mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How are metastatic tumors diagnosed?

A 
Usually multiple tumors
from carcinomas of the:
lung
GI tract
breast
and pancreas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the RF for hepatocellular carcinoma?

A
  1. hepatotrophic viruses (HBV, HCV)
  2. hepatocarcinogens (toxin)
  3. Cirrhosis (EtOH)

*chronic liver diseases

26
Q

Grossly, _____________, appears as a diffusely infiltrative, SOFT and HEMORRHAGIC, solitary mass or multiple nodules.

27
Q

How does the occurance of HCC in the US compare to that in SE Asia/Africa?

A

US- age 60, 80-95% assoc. w/ CIRRHOSIS

Africa/SE Asia- age 20-40, endemic HBV

28
Q

What procedure can be used to screen for HCC?

A

High resolution US or CT

HIGH risk (cirrhosis/HBV) screen every 6 mos w/ liver US

29
Q

How does fibrolamellar HCC differ from typical HCC?

A

Occurs in YOUNG adults w/ cirrhosis or chronic hepatitis, but has a BETTER prognosis than typical HCC

30
Q

What is the characteristic microscopic appearance of fibrolamellar HCC?

A

POLYGONAL oncoytic tumor cells in
NESTS and CORDS
separated by
LAMEALLAR FIBROUS STROMA

31
Q

What is a cholangiocarcinoma?

A

carcinoma arising from INTRA or EXTRA hepatic bile ducts

**ALWAYS adenocarcinoma

32
Q

What are some RF for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma?

A

> 60
NO pre-existing conditions

  1. chronic cholangitis
  2. chronic HBV/HCV
33
Q

What do you have to exclue before you can make a dx of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma?

A

metastases

34
Q

What is a hepatoblastoma?

A

Rare tumor that occurs in infants or <3 children

Malignancy of imm. hepatocytes

35
Q

What is an angiosarcoma of hte liver?

A

AGGRESSIVE
malignancy of endothelial cells>
tumor of anastomosing vascular channels lined by malignant endothelial cells

36
Q

What cancer is associated w/ exposure to thorotrast, vinyl chloride and arsenic?

A

angiocarcinioma

37
Q

What is a phrygian cap?

A

FUNDUS of gallbladder is FOLDED

38
Q

What are the RF for the formation of a cholesterol gall stone?

A

N european, N/S american heritage
+ fam hx

FORTY, FAT, FEMALE, FERTILE

39
Q

What are hte RF for the formation of pigment gall stone?

A

E asian
+ fam hx
Increased hemolysis
increased biliary tract infections

40
Q

What imaging modality is used to detect gall stones?

A

Ultrasound

41
Q

What are some complications of gallstones?

A
  1. biliary colic (pain w/ a fatty meal)
  2. acute cholecystitis
  3. chronic cholecystitis
  4. choledocholithiasis= stones in common bile duct
  5. ascneding cholangitis (bacterial infxn of intrahepatic BD)
42
Q

What are complications of acute cholecystitis?

A 
Perforation
bile peritonitis
acute cholanitis
sepsis
biliary enteric fistula
gallstone ileus
43
Q

What is choledocholithiasis?

A

stones in the common bile duct

44
Q

What is the MCC of extrahepatic biliary obstruction?

A

stones in common bile duct

45
Q

Are most gallstones symptomatic?

A

NO

70-80% are asymptomatic

46
Q

What is chronic cholecystitis?

A

chronic inflamm. of the GB is almost always asssociated w/ cholelithiasis (stone obstruction)

Often caused by SUPERSATURATED BILE> chronic inflammation and formation of stones

47
Q

What is a porcelain gallbladder?

A

dystrophic calcification of gallbladder wall

48
Q

What is the gross appearance of cholesterolosis?

A

yellow mucosal flecks

49
Q

What is the gross appearance of cholesterol polyps?

A

yellow small polyps

50
Q

What is the gross appearance of mucocele?

A

distended GB w/ atrophic wall

51
Q

What is an adenoma of hte GB?

A

BENIGN NEOPLASM

52
Q

What is an adenomyoma of the GB?

A

gallbaldder diverticulae w/ focal muscular hypertrophy>
intramural thickening of the fundic wall

*usually located at hte fundus

53
Q

Is an adenoma or adenomyoma neoplastic?

A

adenoma is a BENIGN neoplasm

adenomyoma is NOT a true neoplasm

54
Q

What is a RF for GB carcinoma?

A

> 50
Female
cholelithiasis (irrative trauma, chronic inflamm)

55
Q

Why is the survival rate for carcinoma of the GB so low?

A

SILENT TUMOR

by the time sxs appear has usually spread to liver or LN

56
Q

What are the 3 types of cholangiocarcinomas?

A
  1. Intrahepatic (LC)
  2. Extrahepatic (MC)
  3. Distral extraheaptic
57
Q

What other name is sometimes used for perihilar cholangiocarcinoma?

A

Extrahepatic (MC)

58
Q

What is periampullary carcinoma?

A

from upper border of pancreas to ampulla

59
Q

What are some RF for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma?

A

conditions> chronic cholangitis

  1. liver fluke infxn
  2. PSC
  3. choledochal cysts
  4. stones
60
Q

What is the clinical presentation and lab findings of extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma? Is it similar to that seen in carcinoma of the head of hte pancreas?

A

Painless jaundice secondary to obstruction

increased ALP/GGT

61
Q

Why is the prognosis poor for extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and better for periampullary carcinoma?

A

prognosis is VERY POOR…idk why prognosis is better for the other guys

GI- Week 6 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions