More Commands and concepts

Question 1

file

Answer 1

Tells you what kind of data a file contains

Question 2

Absolute pathname

Answer 2

The path from the root directory to the directory you want to get to

Question 3

Relative pathname

Answer 3

The path from the working directory to the directory you want to get to

Question 4

Working directory

Answer 4

The directory you’re currently in

Question 5

Hierarchical directory structure

Answer 5

A directory system where there’s a root directory and many branches from it

Question 6

Shell

Answer 6

A command interpreter that translates your commands to computer language

Question 7

Bash

Answer 7

Bourne Again Shell- one example of a shell program

Question 8

Terminal

Answer 8

A program that allows you to interact with the shell

Question 9

Pathname

Answer 9

Route you take in the hierarchical directory structure to get to the directory you want

Question 10

Symbolic link

Answer 10

A file that has a symbolic link points to a different file. When operations are carried out on a file with a symbolic link they’re really carried out on the file it points to

Question 11

Wildcard

Answer 11

Used in pattern matching *

Question 12

*

Answer 12

Wildcard that pattern matches any characters

Question 13

?

Answer 13

Wildcard that pattern matches any single character

Question 14

touch

Answer 14

Create an empty file

Question 15

type

Answer 15

Tells us the type of a command (there are 4 types)

Question 16

Executable program

Answer 16

Complied binaries or things written in scripting language

Question 17

Shell built ins

Answer 17

Command built into the shell

Question 18

Alias

Answer 18

A command you define that is built up from other built in commands

Question 19

Shell function

Answer 19

A shell script that the command line can run

Question 20

help

Answer 20

Tells you what a shell built in does

Question 21

Standard output

Answer 21

Program shell uses to direct the output of commands- default is to print to the command line

Question 22

Standard input

Answer 22

Facility commands accept inputs from- usually it takes input from the keyboard

Question 23

I/O redirection

Answer 23

Input and output redirection

Question 24

Filters

Answer 24

Take standard input and perform an operation on it before sending it to standard output

Question 25

sort

Answer 25

Sorts standard input

Question 26

pr

Answer 26

Takes text and splits it into pages with page breaks, headers and footers. Prepares a file to be printed.

Question 27

Expansion

Answer 27

When you type something into the terminal and run it bash performs processes on that input before the commend is executed. This is called expansion.

Question 28

$((expression))$

Answer 28

Arithmetic expansion- allows the command line to do integer arithmetic

Question 29

Preamble -{ a,b,c,…}- postscript

Answer 29

Brace expansion. Creates a list with a, b, c, .. preceded by preamble and proceeded by postscript

Question 30

Parameter expansion

Answer 30

Built in variables in shell

Question 31

$(com)

Answer 31

Command substitution. Allows the output of the command com to be used by another command.

Question 32

Double quoting

Answer 32

Removes the meaning of special characters except $, \, ‘. Also suppresses all but parameter, arithmetic and command expansion

Question 33

delimiter

Answer 33

Sequence of characters that specify boundary between independent regions of text and data

Question 34

Single quotes

Answer 34

Suppress all expansions and special characters

Question 35

Escape character

Answer 35

\ removes the meaning of a special character and can be used to allow commands to go over several lines

Question 36

Package repositories

Answer 36

A collection of packages you might want to download to your computer all stored in one location- contrast to Windows where you go to individual sites for individual programs

Question 37

APT

Answer 37

Advanced package tool, tools used to manage the packaging on your system

Question 38

apt update

Answer 38

Updates the package repository for your system, needs to be run as the super user

Question 39

apt upgrade

Answer 39

upgrades your system to fix bugs, security etc. Needs to be run as the super user

Question 40

apt install

Answer 40

Install a program

Question 41

apt remove

Answer 41

Remove a package

Question 42

apt search < >

Answer 42

Search for package in the <>

Question 43

apt search cats

Answer 43

Find packages with term cats in the package or description

Question 44

apt info

Answer 44

Find information about a package

Question 45

apt autoremove or apt remove package - - auto-remove

Answer 45

Remove the packages that were auto installed when the package was installed

Question 46

Load a package

Answer 46

package name & opens package and keeps the terminal active