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RMPS > morality and medicine > Flashcards

morality and medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Euthanasia

A

painless killing to relieve dreadful suffering from an incurable illness

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2
Q

Voluntary euthanasia

A

when the person asks for their life to be ended

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3
Q

non-voluntary euthanasia

A

when a person is unable to make about their condition

the decision is made for them by an appropriate person (relative or doctor)

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4
Q

passive euthanasia

A

something that would keep a person alive is taken away eventually bringing about their death
e.g. medication, oxygen

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5
Q

active euthanasia

A

when a person directly or deliberately causes someone’s death

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6
Q

indirected euthanasia

A

action taken by medical staff to relieve patients pain.

however as a side effect patient dies quicker

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7
Q

assisted suicide

A

when someone deliberately assists or encourages a patient to end his or her life

the only difference between assisted suicide and euthanasia is that assisted suicide involves the doctor giving the means to end their own life- they kill themselves

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8
Q

sanity of life

A

means that life is valuable and so shouldn’t be ended early

many christians believe in this

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9
Q

palliative care

A

active holistic care of patients with advanced progressive/terminal illness, they also support friends or family.

hospice is a specialised place which provides palliative care

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10
Q

living will

A

semi-legal document which a person who can demonstrate mental competence records his or her wishes regarding treatment in the case of a life-ending illness

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11
Q

BMA guidelines

A

guidelines published to help, advise and protect doctors dealing with complex issues such as euthanasia
the guidelines help ensure there’s consistency in decision making and to help reassure the patients and their families that care has been properly thought out

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12
Q

moral dilemmas raised by euthanasia

A
  1. is it ever right to end the life of a terminally ill patient who is undergoing severe pain and suffering?
  2. under what circumstances, if any, can euthanasia be justible?
  3. is there a moral difference between killing and letting them die?
  4. who has the right to decide about life and death?
  5. what would be the consequences if euthanasia was legalised?
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13
Q

Christian arguments against euthanasia

A

some christian believe in the sanity of life and so see euthanasia as a violation of the law of God
some believe that God gives life and has a plan for all of us and so only he can take it away
some believe christ suffered and through his suffering saved mankind form sin and so can bring a person closer to God
some churches see no difference between murder and euthanasia

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14
Q

Islamic view on euthanasia

A

expressly forbidden by Allah, as he decides when life should be ended
some muslims believe Allah makes all decisions and to decide in euthanasia is to remove a decision from allah
qur’an expressly forbids taking life or quickening death

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15
Q

Humanist view on euthanasia

A

some believe euthanasia should be legalised for the terminally ill as each person should have the right to make decisions about their own life, including their own death
also believe that no one should be put in the position of having to watch a loved one suffer before death and legalisation would allow for a compassionate, humane choice to the terminally ill

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16
Q

Arguments for euthanasia

A
  • all human have the right to choose and control their own life, even death
  • allows someone to die with dignity and not suffer
  • relieves the burden
  • people don’t want to live a life without quality
  • the money saved if euthanasia was legalised could be put toward care for those who have a chance of survival
17
Q

Arguments against euthanasia

A
  • why is it wrong to kill others but acceptable to kill ourselves
  • how do we know the person fully understands what euthanasia is
  • no person should be viewed as a burden on society, if proper care is given the person won’t feel like a burden
18
Q

Bodily Autonomy

A

the principal that means that your body is yours, and you have control over it and the right to not have others harm your body

19
Q

IVF

in-vitro-fertilisation

A

a process where eggs are fertilised outside the body and are then implanted back into the body in the hope that they will lead to a successful pregnancy

20
Q

fertility treatment

A

medical assistance which helps people to have babies when they aren’t able to conceive in the natural or conventional way

21
Q

infertility

A

an inability to conceive a child

22
Q

the human fertilisation and embryology authority

A

closely regulates the use of sperm and ova for research or infertility treatment

23
Q

embryology

A

use of human embryos in scientific research to learn more about the human body and to find cures to major illnesses

24
Q

Therapeutic cloning

A

creating an embryo which is a clone of an ill persons and then taking stem cells from it to grow new organs

25
Q

cloning

A

involves extracting the nucleus from the living person and inserting it into the cell of another living person. This produces an exact replica of the living person

26
Q

genetic engineering

A

the manipulation of genes- inc moving genes from one organism to another- to produce an organism with more useful features

27
Q

stem cells

A

cells from young human embryos which haven’t yet become the specialised cells that form body parts

28
Q

negative eugenics

A

the elimination of painful conditions and disabilities

29
Q

positive eugenics

A

adding desirable features to a foetus to improve the body’s physical intellectual and creative ability

30
Q

PGD

pre-implanted genetic diagnosis

A

the process by which an embryo is tested for the presence or lack of genes that would lead to a particular disease

31
Q

saviour sibling

A

a child that is conceived through IVF in order to provide an organ or cell transplant to an older sibling

32
Q

Informed consent
Opt-in system
(organ donation)

A

currently the system in the UK (exception of Wales)

people over the age of 12 can sign up to the organ donation register

RMPS (4 decks)

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