Morality A Unit 3 Flashcards

1
Q

action/object

A
  1. The doer → The person doing the action
  2. The done → What was done
  3. The doee → Who the action was being done to
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2
Q

intention/end

A

The intention is the “why” behind the action… the purpose of the action.
A good action must have a good intention. However, the ends do not justify the means.

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3
Q

Circumstances

A

Are such things as the person involved, the time, the place, the occasion, which are distinct from the object, but can change or completely alter its moral tone. Can make an otherwise good action evil

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4
Q

Formal Cooperation with Evil

A

one interiorly wants/intends the evil action to be performed.

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5
Q

Material Cooperation with Evil

A

assisting in another’s wrongdoing without approving it.

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6
Q

Intrinsic Good

A

Actions is good by its very nature and can’t be immoral

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7
Q

Intrinsic Evil

A

Actions is evil by its very nature and can’t be moral

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8
Q

Moral Relativism

A
A philosophy that denies moral absolutes.
Includes:
Morality is changeable.
Morality is subjective
Morality is individual.
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9
Q

Consequentialism

A

An act is deemed morally permissible only depending on the consequences (as opposed to the intrinsic nature of the act/object)

a. The outcome determines the moral goodness/badness
b. Either have to do the action then decide (what if it was evil???) or predict (how certain are you???)
c. Error: Allows you to do evil
d. Error: Ends will always justify the means (including pure evil means)
e. Error: Only look at what is good for you and not those around you
f. Denies the importance of sacrifice

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10
Q

Situation Ethics

A

Decision-making should be based upon the circumstances of a particular situation, and not upon fixed law/principle.

a. Each situation decides for itself what is right
b. Same action can be right for one person and wrong for another (e.g. abortion)
c. Denies principles
d. Reduces the object to your opinion
e. For morality to work, the principle must guide the situation

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11
Q

Utilitarianism

A

is a theory of ethics which is a form of consequentialism.
One ought to act so that the consequences of one’s act will produce the greatest possible total welfare across all members of the population.

is the doctrine that an action is morally permissible insofar as it promotes happiness, and that the greatest happiness of the greatest number should be the guiding principle of conduct.

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12
Q

Proportionalism

A

an action is morally good if… some truly proportionate reason is present to justify this choice (after weighing various positive and negative values).
Ex. You break the law because there is a good enough reason for doing so.

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13
Q

What are the steps to making a moral choice?

A
  1. Prayer - asking for God’s assistance, asking to hear your conscience (His voice)
  2. What is the action you want to take?
  3. What do God’s law and teaching of the Church say about it?
  4. What will happen as a result? What are the possible consequences?
  5. Is the object or action one that is good?
  6. What is your intention? What do you want the end to be?
  7. What are the circumstances? Am I able to make the choice freely?
  8. Seek wisdom from others.
  9. Consider how it will affect your relationship with God & others.
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14
Q

Define the Principle of Double Effect

A

When a good or neutral action has an unintended evil result
Four requirements:
1. The initial action must be good
2. The intention must be good (and the bad must not be willed)
3. There must be no other choice
4. The bad must not outweigh the good

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15
Q

What are the flaws of Moral Relativism?

A
  1. We have no basis to say anyone else is wrong.
  2. Therefore we can not hold anyone accountable for any action.
  3. When man feels wronged he will quickly recognize it. But this is impossible unless there is a measure for right and wrong.
  4. Claims there is no such thing as objective truth… however, this definition must be objectively true
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16
Q

What is the criteria for an intrinsically evil act?

A
  1. are always immoral, regardless of intention or circumstances
  2. an act with an evil moral object
  3. neither intention or circumstances can make an intrinsically evil act moral or justifiable
17
Q

What are the flaws of Consequentialism?

A
18
Q

What must be true for a human act to be moral?

A
  1. The object/action
  2. The intention
  3. The circumstances
19
Q

The church teaches that

A

the ends do not justify the means

20
Q

A human act that is good in its nature can

A

become immoral if it has been corrupted by its intentions or circumstances.

21
Q

Christian teaching says

A

that while we can judge ones actions we can not judge whether that person will go to heaven or hell.

22
Q

We have a personal responsibility to grow in

A

morality.

23
Q

Accountability

A

ability to answer for one’s own actions