Moral Philosophy Flashcards
What is the concept of Belief?
A conviction or acceptance that something is true or exists
Beliefs can shape moral perspectives and actions.
Define Moral Facts.
Objective truths about moral propositions
Moral facts are often debated in moral philosophy regarding their existence.
What are Social Norms?
Rules or expectations governing behavior within a society
Social norms influence moral values and actions.
What are Moral Values?
Principles that guide individual behavior regarding what is right and wrong
Moral values vary across cultures and individuals.
Define Altruism.
Selfless concern for the well-being of others
Altruism is often discussed in moral philosophy as a virtue.
What is the difference between Objectivity and Subjectivity?
Objectivity refers to facts independent of personal feelings; subjectivity is based on personal opinions and feelings
This distinction is crucial in moral discussions.
Who is Glaucon?
A philosopher known for discussing the nature of justice and moral acts
His arguments are often referenced in moral philosophy.
What is Brad Hooker’s perspective on moral acts?
He argues for a form of moral realism that supports the existence of moral facts
Hooker’s work is influential in contemporary moral philosophy.
Who is Immanuel Kant?
A philosopher who proposed deontological ethics, emphasizing duty and moral rules
Kant’s ideas are foundational in moral philosophy.
What is Jeremy Bentham known for?
Developing utilitarianism, a consequentialist theory that promotes the greatest happiness principle
Bentham’s approach contrasts with deontological perspectives.
What is the anthropological argument in moral relativism?
The view that moral codes vary across cultures and are therefore subjective
This argument supports the idea that no single moral framework is superior.
What is the scientific argument in moral relativism?
The claim that moral beliefs are influenced by biological and social factors
This perspective suggests moral beliefs are not absolute.
What is the argument from many cultures?
The observation that diverse cultures have different moral beliefs, suggesting relativism
This argument challenges the universality of moral principles.
What is the argument from moral reform?
The assertion that moral progress occurs, indicating that some moral beliefs are better than others
This challenges strict moral relativism.
What is the Rents cate grite peratines Principle?
A principle related to determining the morality of actions based on consequences
This principle is often discussed in relation to consequentialist theories.
