MOP of Alcohols

Question 1

Hydration of Alkenes

Answer 1

Alcohols can be prepared by the addition of water (H2O) to an alkene in the presence of an acid catalyst. This takes place in accordance with Markonikov’s rule. This process is known as the hydration of alkenes.

Question 2

Reduction of Aldehydes and Ketones

Answer 2

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to form primary and secondary alcohols, respectively. This reduction is often achieved using reducing agents like sodium borohydride (NaBH4) or lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4). The catalyst used - Pt, Pd, Ni.

Question 3

Reduction of Carboxylic Acids and Esters

Answer 3

Carboxylic acids can be reduced to form primary alcohols using strong reducing agents like lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) or borane-tetrahydrofuran (BH3-THF). Acids can be reduced to esters, followed by their reduction into hydrogen and alcohol.

Question 4

Grignard Reaction

Answer 4

Alkyl or aryl magnesium halides, known as Grignard reagents, react with various carbonyl compounds (aldehydes, ketones, and esters) to form alcohols through a nucleophilic addition reaction.

Question 5

Grignard Reaction