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ALASKAN THUNDERFUCK (mais pas francais) > moonsick > Flashcards

moonsick Flashcards

1
Q

How can you define Cerdd dant/Penillion.

A
  • Either a vocalist or vocal group singing to a harp accompaniment
  • Harp plays independently (plays different melody)
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2
Q

How can you define Hymn tune.

A
  • A song, sung by soloist or vocal group with a religious context.
  • Can you imagine the piece being played in a Church
  • Plagal cadences? Amen?
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3
Q

How can you define Rock Music.

A
  • Think of a typical commercial Rock Band - featuring line up of drums, guitars, bass and vocalist
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4
Q

How can you define Art Song.

A

A piece of music for solo voice (sang in a classical style) with a piano accompaniment

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5
Q

How can you define Folk Song.

A
  • Early welsh folk songs tend to be modal - Celtic sounding
  • Imagine barn dance or a group of musicians performing in a pub
  • Typical instruments: Fiddles, mandolins, celtic harp, tambourine
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6
Q

How can you define Ballad.

A
  • A slow/relaxed pop song often with a love theme.

- Think of songs sang by boy bands eg westlife “You Raise Me Up”

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7
Q

How can you define Reggae.

A
  • Laid back summer feel, where more emphasis is placed on beats 2 and 4
  • Bob Marley
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8
Q

How can you define Calypso.

A
  • Summer feel, but more upbeat than Reggae, Reggae originated from calypso
  • Rhythmic musical style often featuring steel pans
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9
Q

How can you define Rap.

A
  • rhythmically spoken lyrics over a synthesised backing track
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10
Q

How can you define Pop.

A
  • cheesy music featuring disco beats and keyboards
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11
Q

How can you define Musicals.

A
  • Song for stage - sang by a vocalist or vocal group.
  • usually accompanied by orchestra or synthesised orchestra sounds.
  • The style of singing will fall between a classical and pop style
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12
Q

How can you define Techno.

A
  • Hardcore dance music - very strong drum beat and bass instruments
  • Often feature heavy use of sampled sounds
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13
Q

How can you define Blues.

A
  • A song, sang by a soloist or vocal group accompanied by the 12 bar blues structure and walking bass line
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14
Q

Features of a Military Band.

A
  • Sound of a marching band

- prominent snare drum

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15
Q

Features of a String Orchestra.

A
  • An orchestra of only string instruments - violins, viola, cello, double bass,
  • thick rich texture
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16
Q

Features of a Chamber Orchestra.

A
  • String Orchestra with the addition of one or two woodwind instruments eg Oboe
  • popular in baroque era
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17
Q

Features of a Symphony Orchestra.

A
  • full orchestra
  • strings, woodwind, brass and percussion
  • popular in classical era
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18
Q

Features of a String quartet.

A
  • 2 violins, viola and cello.
  • much thinner texture than a string orchestra
  • only four instruments
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19
Q

Features of a Wind band.

A
  • woodwind instruments (clarinet, flute, sax) some brass instruments, bass guitar and drum kit
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20
Q

Features of a Brass band.

A
  • Only brass instruments, no woodwind, with percussion
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21
Q

Features of a Mixed choir.

A
  • both female and male choir
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22
Q

Definition; Melody.

A
  • name every instrument you hear playing the tune.
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23
Q

Definition; Accompaniment.

A
  • Name every instrument you hear accompanying.
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24
Q

Definition; Duration.

A
  • Regular rhythm/irregular pulse
  • time signature
  • steady tempo
  • tempo marking e.g adagio, andante, allegro
  • syncopated rhythms
  • comparisons between pieces
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25
Q

Points of interest in the comparison question:

A
  • major/minor key
  • diatonic harmony/dissonant harmonies
  • texture; homophonic/polyphonic/monophonic, thick thin
  • dynamics; use Italian terms to describe dynamics (pianissimo, piano, mezzopiano,forte, fortissimo, crescendo, diminuendo)
  • structure - Binary (AB / AABB), Ternary (ABA), Rondo (ABACADA)
  • melody, does it move in steps/scalic/leaps/chromatic
  • counter melody
  • doubling up of melodies
  • articulation; staccato/legato
  • cadence at the end of extract; perfect/imperfect/plagal
  • anacrusis
  • key changes
  • musical devices; ostinato, sequence, imitation, pedal notes
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26
Q

Dynamics: very loud

A

ff, fortissimo

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27
Q

Dynamics: loud

A

f, forte

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28
Q

Dynamics: moderately loud

A

mf, mezzo forte

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29
Q

Dynamics: moderately soft

A

mp, Mezzo piano

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30
Q

Dynamics: soft

A

p, piano

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31
Q

Dynamics: very soft

A

pp - pianissimo

32
Q

Dynamics: getting louder

A

crescendo

33
Q

Dynamics: getting softer

A

diminuendo

34
Q

What is Monophonic texture?

A

a single melody line

35
Q

What is Homophonic texture?

A

At least one part played/sang in harmony. All parts moving together simultaneously e.g block chords

36
Q

What is Polyphonic texture?

A

Two or more parts, that weave in and out of each other. very popular during the baroque era.

37
Q

Identifying pulse/rhythm: How can you define regular rhythm?

A
  • Easy to clap along to
38
Q

Identifying pulse/rhythm: How can you define irregular rhythm?

A
  • random, atonal music
39
Q

“Where would you expect to hear this piece” what answers are likely to come up?

A
  • Concert hall (this will always get you a mark)

- Church/religious service

40
Q

State three ways in which the composer creates excitement/a triumphant mood?

A
  • Major key
  • Quick crescendo
  • strong dynamics e.g forte, fortissimo, crescendo
  • dotted rhythms
  • repetition
  • sequences (melodies repeated in rising sequences)
  • Homophonic/polyphonic texture
  • instrumentation e.g high pitched piccolo’s, timpani rolls, brass fanfares
  • Melismatic singing
  • chorus of voices/choir/backing singers
41
Q

How does the composer create contrast?

A
  • dynamics
  • tempo
  • instrumentation
  • tonality (major/minor)
  • contrasting textures
42
Q

How does the composer create a sombre mood?

A
  • Slow tempo
  • Minor Key
  • low pitched melody
  • choice of instrumentation
  • quiet dynamics
43
Q

Features of Baroque Era music.

A
  • Features harpsichord
  • Performed by a chamber orchestra
  • long flowing melodic lines often featuring trills/ornaments
  • contrapuntal texture where two or more melodic lines are combined
44
Q

Features of Classical Era music.

A
  • Performed by a symphony orchestra
  • features a piano
  • very melodic with diatonic harmonies
  • typically homophonic texture
  • defined and regular rhythm
45
Q

Features of Romantic Era music.

A
  • Similar to classical Era music but harmonies are a little more rich and adventurous
  • A variety of melodic ideas within one movement
  • frequent changes in both tempo and time signatures
  • mainly Homophonic texture
46
Q

Compositional Devices: What is a sequence?

A
  • Sequences are created when a short phrase of a melody is immediately repeated at a higher (ascending sequence) or lower (descending sequence) pitch
47
Q

Compositional Devices: What is imitation?

A
  • Occurs when there are two or more voices or parts to the music and one of them enters with a phrase, which is then copied by another voice or part.
48
Q

Compositional Devices: What is a Pedal/Drone?

A
  • Are the effects created when a sustained or repeated note/ chord continues over a period of time whilst the melody and harmony move independently of it.
49
Q

Compositional Devices: What is an Ostinato?

A
  • A repeated idea
50
Q

Compositional Devices: Ground bass.

A
  • Is where a bass line, normally of four or eight bars in length is used as the basis for varied melodies and or harmonies above
51
Q

Compositional Devices: Cadenza.

A
  • A passage, usually towards the end of a piece, where a soloist plays alone in a very elaborate often improvisatory, skilled way (a chance to show off)
52
Q

Features of Minimalism.

A
  • repetative rhythms/phrases
  • slow and gradual changing of harmonies
  • sustained pedal notes
  • use of melodic cells rather than melodies to build up the music
  • no changes of tempo
  • lack of modulation (key changes)
  • accent displacement
  • multi textured layering
  • polyrhythmic textures
53
Q

Features of Atonality.

A
  • Atonal/no tonal centre
  • changing time signatures
  • huge leaps in pitch
  • extremes of instruments
  • Schoenbergs 12 tone technique
  • dissonant harmonies, dischords
  • complex/irregular rhythms
  • instruments playing very high range
54
Q

Features of Fusion.

A
  • Acoustic and electronically produced sounds together
  • Fusion of full symphonic orchestra and rock band
  • different timbres mixed together
  • amplification used
  • neo - classical style
  • guitar effects e.g reverb, distortion
  • improvisation
55
Q

Features of club/dance music.

A
  • Computer aided
  • Strong and fast pulsating beat - techno style
  • foundation is drums and bass
  • use of loops
  • use of sampled sounds
  • synthesised sounds
  • use of drum machines
  • strong bass line
56
Q

Define the 6 Italian tempo markings: Largo, Adagio, Andante, Moderato, Allegro and Presto

A 
Adagio - Very slow
Adagio - Slow
Andante - Walking pace
Allegro - Quick
Presto - Very fast
57
Q

Define the three Cadences.

A
  • Perfect Cadence = sounds complete, 5 to 1
  • Plagal Cadence = sounds complete (Amen) 4 to 1
  • Imperfect Cadence = sounds incomplete
58
Q

What is the name to the note that precedes the very first bar?

A
  • Anacrusis/up-beat
59
Q

What is the name to the note that precedes the very first bar?

A
  • Anacrusis/up-beat
60
Q

Question 7: Writing about musical theatre song -

- General observations?

A
  • modern period
  • 20th century
  • style eg love song
  • time signature
  • tempo: adagio,andante
  • tonality
  • main orchestration: performed by orchestra/synthesiser etc
  • diatonic harmony
  • structure/form eg AABA ternary form
  • main voice: female voice (soprano/alto) male voice (tenor/bass)
  • do vocals begin on anacrusis
  • the sings in rubato style - small fluctuations in tempo
61
Q

Question 7: Writing about musical theatre song - Introduction???

A
  • Is there an introduction
  • how long is it
  • which instrument plays it
  • What is the accompaniment pattern e.g arpeggio pattern/block chords
  • What are the dynamics
62
Q

Question 7: Writing about musical theatre song

Song Analysis.

A
  • Write about the song/music in as much detail as possible in chronological eg line by line
  • try not to jump between different parts of the song in your answer
  • try to make it as easy as possible for your examiner to read
  • end with your answer with a short conclusion
63
Q

Question 7: Writing about musical theatre song -

TONALITY.

A
  • Is the song mainly in a major or minor key
  • does it stay the same throughout
  • does the music modulate anywhere
  • What happens when it modulates does it modulate from major to minor
  • to higher key?
  • What effect does this have? creates climax?
64
Q

Question 7: Writing about musical theatre song -

Instruments/Timbres

A
  • What instruments can your hear? where?
  • Bright timbre/ dark timbre
  • Note at which points new instruments enter
  • how are they being played e.g staccato
  • Are percussion instruments used? e.g timpani rolls/cymbals to create excitement/tension
  • strings: bowed/plucked/tremolo
  • brass: any fanfares?
65
Q

Question 7: Writing about musical theatre song -

Voices

A
  • Female voice: soprano/alto male voice:tenor/bass
  • melisma (one word sang over several syllables)
  • word painting (where the music mirrors the lyrics)
66
Q

Question 7: Writing about musical theatre song -

Melody

A
  • Does the melody move mainly by step or in leaps
  • ascending/descending movement
  • any chromatic movement
  • is the same melody repeated at any point
  • is there a counter melody, played by what instrument/s
  • do any instruments double up the vocal melody
  • what effect does this have? reinforces the melody
67
Q

Question 7: Writing about musical theatre song -

Rhythm.

A
  • All musical theatre songs have a regular rhythm
  • time signature
  • are there syncopated rhythms?
  • are there dotted rhythms?
  • Any pauses? e.g long pause on the final note
  • Voice sings in rubato style: small fluctuations in tempo
68
Q

Question 7: Writing about musical theatre song -

Orchestration/accompaniment

A
  • What instruments make up the accompaniment?
  • What is the accompaniment pattern? long sustained chords, broken chords/arpeggios, strumming guitar, falling bass line in accompaniment
  • Diatonic harmonies
  • Is there a bridge linking to a new contrasting section
69
Q

Question 7: Writing about musical theatre song - Texture.

A
  • Homophonic, polyphonic, Monophonic
  • Thick/thin
  • Does it begin thin in texture and gradually build up throughout
  • How does texture increase
  • What effect does this have?
  • Does it stay the same throughout?
  • Where does it change?
  • Are there any climaxes?
70
Q

Question 7: Writing about musical theatre song -

Form/structure.

A
  • e.g AABA
  • When sections return, is anything different
  • different orchestrations etc
71
Q

Question 7: Writing about musical theatre song -

Tempo.

A
  • Use Italian terminology - Adagio, Moderato, allegro etc
  • Are there any tempo changes? where? e.g rallentendo, accelerando
  • What effect does this have?
  • Rubato - fluctuations in vocal tempo to enhance expression, emotion - like pauses on certain notes
72
Q

Question 7: Writing about musical theatre song

- Style.

A
  • Song from a musical
73
Q

Question 7: Writing about musical theatre song

- Period

A
  • Modern - late 20th century
74
Q

Question 7: Writing about musical theatre song

- Dynamics

A
  • Use Italian terminology - pianissimo etc
  • are there any changes in dynamics? where?
  • Are these sudden or gradual? crescendo/diminuendo
  • What effect does this have?
  • are there any climaxes, gaps or silences?
75
Q

Question 7: Writing about musical theatre song

- Musical Devices

A
  • Ostinato - rhythmic/melodic
  • Repetition
  • Sequence
  • pedal/drone
76
Q

Question 7: Writing about musical theatre song

- Cadences

A
  • Name the cadence at the end of each verse/chorus/end of song as perfect/imperfect/plagal

ALASKAN THUNDERFUCK (mais pas francais) (9 decks)

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