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Mental Health > Mood Disorders- Depression > Flashcards

Mood Disorders- Depression Flashcards

1
Q

Depression (definition)

A

An alteration in mood that is expressed by feelings of sadness, despair, and pessimism.
There is a loss of interest in usual activities, and somatic symptoms may be evident.
Changes in appetite, sleep patterns, and cognition are common

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2
Q

Mood

A

A pervasive and sustained emotion that may have a major influence on a person’s perception of the world.
A persons tone of emotional feelings
“Glass half empty”

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3
Q

◦ Transient Depression

A

Life’s everyday disappointments
Normal, healthy, responses to everyday disappointments in life

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4
Q

Pathological Depression

A

Occurs when adaptation is ineffective and the symptoms are significant enough to impair functioning.

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5
Q

Affect

A

Emotional reaction associated with an experience

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6
Q

Mood (Influences)

A

Personality
Behavior

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7
Q

Mood (classifications)

A

Depression
Bipolar

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8
Q

Mood Statistics

A

10-14 million Americans suffer from a major affective disorder
Considered to be the “ common cold” of psychiatric disorders
Depression incidence is higher in females
Depression incidence is higher in single and divorced people

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9
Q

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Diagnostic Criteria

A

Depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities (ahedonia)
Impaired social and occupational function (2wks)
No history of mania
No other medical causes or substance use

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10
Q

Mild Depression

A

Associated with uncomplicated grieving
Normal Grief Response

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11
Q

Alterations of Mild Depression

A

Affective: Denial of feelings, anger, anxiety, guilt, helplessness, hopelessness, sadness, despondency
Behavioral: Tearfulness, regression, restlessness, agitation, withdrawal
Cognitive: Preoccupation with the loss, self-blame, ambivalence, blaming others
Physiological: Anorexia or overeating, insomnia or hypersomnia, headache, backache, chest pain, or other symptoms associated with the loss of a significant other

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12
Q

Alterations of Transient Depression

A

Affective: Sadness, dejection, feeling downhearted, having the blues
Behavioral: Some crying
Cognitive: Some difficulty getting mind off one’s disappointment
Physiological: Feeling tired and listless

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13
Q

Moderate Depression

A

Symptoms that are enduring for at least 2 years
Helpless
Slow movements, limited speech
Difficulty with concentration, sleep and appetite disturbance

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14
Q

Dysthymic/Dysthymia Disorder

A

“down in the dumps”
Moderate Depression
No psychotic symptoms
Chronically depressed mood for
Most of the day
More days than not for >2 years
Don’t usually get help for this , wont see in hospital for this as primary reason

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15
Q

Possible Causes of Depression

A

Biological theories: Genetics: hereditary factor
Biochemical influences: Deficiency of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine

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16
Q

Suicide Facts

A

Warnings of suicidal intent
Risky behaviors
Lethality assessment

17
Q

Lethality assessment

A

Does the client have a specific plan?
Are the means available to carry out this plan?
If the client carries out the plan, is it likely to be lethal?
Has the client made preparations for death?
Where and when does the client intend to carry out the plan?
Is the intended time a special date or anniversary that has meaning for the client?

18
Q

Suicide Risk Factors

A

10th leading cause of death in adults
3rd among adolescents
Can exhibit overt or covert behavior
Men commit suicide three times the rate of women
* Guns and knives, hanging
Women are four times more likely than men to attempt suicide
*Women want to be rescued, don’t like pain, less lethal

19
Q

Self Awareness for Nursing

A

Keep a journal and talk to colleagues about feelings in regards to suicide

20
Q

Treatments

A

Individual psychotherapy
Group and family therapy
Cognitive therapy
Psychopharmacology

21
Q

Individual Psychotherapy

A

Focuses on the client’s current interpersonal relations.
Three phases

22
Q

Individual Psychotherapy Phases

A

Phase 1 : assessment
Phase 2 : resolve complicated grief reactions
Phase 3 : therapeutic alliance is terminated, successful if helping depressed persons recover enhanced social functioning.

23
Q

Group Therapy

A

Once an acute phase of the illness is passed, groups can provide an atmosphere in which individuals may discuss issues in their lives that cause, maintain, or arise out of having a serious affective disorder.

24
Q

Family Therapy

A

Mainly to resolve the symptoms and initiate or restore adaptive family functioning

25
Q

Cognitive Therapy

A

taught to control thought distortions that are considered to be a factor in the development and maintenance of mood disorders

26
Q

Psychopharmacology

A

Antidepressant are first line treatments
Tricyclic
Tetracyclic
Heterocyclic antidepressants
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
SSRIs
SNRIs
SSRI/SNRI combination drugs

27
Q

SSRI, SNRIs, SDRIs, NDRIs Action

A

Block reuptake of norepinephrine, serotonin, and/or dopamine

28
Q

SSRI Patient Education

A

Therapeutic effect (1- 3 weeks)
Do not discontinue abruptly
Suicide risks
Pregnancy risks

29
Q

SSRI Medication Names

A

fluoxetine (Prozac)
paroxetine (Paxil)
sertraline (Zoloft)
venlafaxine (Effexor)
citalopram (Celexa)
escitalopram (Lexapro)

30
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) Medication Names

A

amitriptyline (Elavil)
trazadone(Desyrel)
nortriptyline (Pamelor)

31
Q

Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs) Patient Education

A

Delay in action - “Kicking In” (2-4 weeks)
Caution with elderly
sedation, tachycardia, dry mouth, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain
Don’t operate machines
Keep track of tachycardia
Sugarless candy
Rise slowly
Healthy diet tips

32
Q

Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) Medication Names

A

phenelzine (Nardil)
isocarboxazid (Marplan)
Selegiline (Emsam)
Tranylcypromine (Parnate)

33
Q

MAOI Patient Education

A

Risk for Hypertensive Crisis
Avoid foods and medications high in Tyramine
Never take with TCAs or SSRIs- risk for Serotonin Syndrome

34
Q

Symptoms of Hypertensive Crisis

A

Chest pain
Enlarged pupils
Chest pain
Stiff neck

35
Q

Foods to avoid on MAOIs

A

Aged cheese
Wine , beer
Chocolate
Coffee, tea
Sour cream, yogurt
Processed meats

36
Q

Symptoms of Serotonin Syndrome

A

Change in mental status
Confusion, agitation
Weakness, tremors
Sluggish pupils, tachycardia,
Muscle paralysis

37
Q

Other Antidepressant Medications

A

duloxetine (Cymbalta)-SNRI
desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)- SNRI
mirtazapine (Remeron)
bupropion (Wellbutrin)

38
Q

Electroconvulsive Therapy

A

6-15 treatments
Similar to preparation for any minor surgical procedure
May have short-term memory impairment
Jumpstarts serotonin
Produces a Grand mal Seizure to jumpstart those neurotransmitters
Risk: permanent memory loss or brain damage
Pretreatment meds: muscle relaxant short acting anesthetic

Mental Health (3 decks)

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