Mood Disorders Cont.

Question 1

what are personality disorders?

Answer 1

Maladaptivepatterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience, exhibited across many contexts and deviating from those accepted by the individual’s culture. These patterns develop early, are inflexible, and are associated with significant distress or disability

Question 2

which personality disorders are clustered together?

Answer 2

(paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal)
(antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic)
(avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive)

Question 3

which personality disorders are differentials to bipolar illness?

Answer 3

antisocial
borderline
narcissistic

Question 4

commonality between bipolar affective disorder and borderline personality disorder

Answer 4

rapid mood swings
unstable interpersonal relationships
impulsive sexual behaviour
suicidality

Question 5

bipolar affective disorder vs borderline personality disorder

Answer 5

BPAD: runs in family, heritability, grandiosity, mood states typically less affected by environment
BPD: poor self image, fear of abandonment, feelings of emptiness

Question 6

commonality between bipolar affective disorder and schizophrenia

Answer 6

hallucinations
cognitive impairment
depression + -ve symptoms of schizophrenia

Question 7

bipolar affective disorder vs schizophrenia

Answer 7

BPAD: episodic delusion/hallucinations
schizophrenia: chronic hallucinations/delusions

Question 8

commonality between bipolar affective disorder and attention deficit disorder

Answer 8

impaired concentration
impairment of executive function
abnormal working and short term memory

Question 9

bipolar affective disorder vs attention deficit disorder

Answer 9

BPAD: family hx, recurrent depressive episodes, amphetamines worsen mania

Question 10

what are possible organic causes that can explain symptoms of depression?

Answer 10

endo: (para)thyroid, Cushing’s, Addison’s, infections: SLE, HIV, cancer, vitB12/folate deficiencies, neuro: MS, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, medications: beta blockers, steroids, anti cholinergics, statins, estrogens, opiates, vascular depression, post-stroke depression

Question 11

lesions in what part of the brain are apt to cause depression?

Answer 11

left frontal lobe or basal ganglia

Question 12

the more ______ the lesion in post stroke depression, the more severe the symptoms

Answer 12

frontal

Question 13

vascular depression is associated with?

Answer 13

White Matter Hyperintensities