Mood disorders Flashcards
What are types of mood disorders?
- Major depression
- Bipolar disorder
- Dysthymic disorder
- Cyclothymic disorder
- Seasonal affective disorder
The incidence of depression is up to three times greater in first-degree relatives of people with diagnosed depression
indications of a genetic overlap between early-onset bipolar disorder and early-onsetalcoholism
genetic theories
Serotonin, norepinephrine; possibly acetylcholine and dopamine
Neurochemical theories
Postpartum hormone alterations precipitate mood disorders such as postpartum depression and psychosis.
Neuroendocrine influences: hormones
blame the victim” and his or her family
Psychodynamic theories
defense against underlying depression
mania
Asians who are anxious or depressed are more likely to have
somatic complaints of headache, backache, or other symptoms
Latin cultures complain of
“nerves” or headaches
Middle Eastern cultures complain of
heart problems
Present everyday for 2 weeks and
person experiences a depressed mood or loss of pleasure in nearly all activities
major depressive disorder
Four of the following must be present:
changes in appetite or weight, sleep, or psychomotor activity; decreased energy; feelings of worthlessness or guilt; difficulty thinking, concentrating, or making decisions; or recurrent thoughts of death or suicidal ideation, plans, or attempts
major depressive disorder
What are the s/s of major depressive disorder?
SAD IMAGES
Sad mood, Appetite change, Disturbed sleep, Inability to concentrate, Marked decrease in pleasurable activities (anhedonia), Apathy, (lack of interest in sex), Guilty feelings, Energy changes, Suicidal thoughts
relieve symptoms of hopelessness, inappropriate guilt, suicidal ideation, and daily mood variations
Tricyclic antidepressants
used when the client has an inadequate response to or side effects from SSRIs
Atypical antidepressants-
There is a 2- to 4-week lag period before these antidepressants reach therapeutic levels. Because of the lag period, adequate washout periods of 5 to 6 weeks are recommended between the times that (blank) is discontinued and another class of antidepressant is started.
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)-
application of electrodes to the head of the client to deliver an electrical impulse to the brain; this causes a seizure
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)-
focuses on difficulties in relationships, such as grief reactions, role disputes, and role transitions.
interpersonal therapy
interactions-increase the frequency of the client’s positively reinforcing interactions with the environment and to decrease negative interactions
behavior therapy
treatment for depression in which a pulse generator sends intermittent electrical impulses directed toward the brain via the vagus nerve
Vagus nerve stimulation-
invasive procedure used to help manage the tremor caused by Parkinsonism and other neurologic conditions; also used to alter brain circuitry to relieve depression
Deep brain stimulation-
(TMS) noninvasive method of stimulating the brain to treat depression by delivering short pulses of energy through an electromagnetic coil placed against the scalp near the forehead
Transcranial magnetic stimulation-
What are the depression rating scales?
Self-rating scales: Zung, Beck
Clinician rating scale: Hamilton Rating Scale
a mood disorder that has its onset during darker winter months and spontaneously disappears in the spring
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
Prevalence: winter months only; states north of 40° to 50° of latitude
Primitive biologic response; triggered by photoperiods; melatonin
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
