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Y3 PSYCHIATRY > Mood Disorders > Flashcards

Mood Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Define “anhedonia”

A

Loss of enjoyment and pleasure

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2
Q

Define “anergia”

A

Lack of energy

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3
Q

What is euthymia?

A

Normal mood

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4
Q

What is the difference between mood and affect?

A

Mood: patient’s description of their state (subjective)
Affect: how mood changes to surroundings (objective)

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5
Q

List features of appearance and behaviour in low mood

A 
Low, miserable, unhappy
Reduced facial expression
Reduced eye contact
Furrowed brows
Limited gesturing and reactivity
Difficult to establish rapport
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6
Q

List features of speech in low mood

A 
Reduced rate
Low volume and pitch
Reduced intonation (monotonous)
Increased latency
Limited content
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7
Q

List features of thought in low mood

A 
Form: Normal form
Flow: Slow flow, ponderous
Content: Negative, pessimism
               Failure, guilt
               Delusions
               Hypochondriasis
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8
Q

List features of paranoia in low mood

A

Self-preferential thinking (‘someone is out to get you’)
Psychosis
Depression (increased sensitivity to criticism, more self-conscious, feeling of being under scrutiny)

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9
Q

Hallucinations in low mood typically make someone depressed. True/False?

A

False

Typically, the hallucinations reflect a person’s depression rather than making them depressed

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10
Q

What aspect of insight is typically affected in low mood?

A

Attribution - patients blame experience on their sins, personal failings or weakness, recognition intact

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11
Q

How long should a depressive episode last to be classified as depression?

A

2 weeks

With no hypo-manic or manic symptoms at any time in life

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12
Q

List criteria for diagnosing depression

A

2 of core features

  • depressed mood (most of the day, almost every day)
  • loss of interest/pleasure
  • decreased energy (or increased fatiguability)

Some additional features:

  • low confidence
  • self-reproach, guilt
  • suicidal thoughts
  • diminished concentration
  • sleep disturbance
  • change in appetite
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13
Q

Moderate depression involves _ core features and _ additional features

A

Moderate depression involves 2 core features and 4 additional features

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14
Q

Severe depression involves _ core features and _ additional features

A

Moderate depression involves all core features and 5 additional features

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15
Q

DSM-10 classifies bipolar into 3 categories. Describe bipolar I

A

Meets criteria for mania at least once
Previous depressive or hypomanic episodes
MANIA + DEPRESSION

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16
Q

DSM-10 classifies bipolar into 3 categories. Describe bipolar II

A

Current or past hypomanic episodes + current or past depressive episodes
Never met criteria for mania
HYPOMANIA + DEPRESSION

17
Q

DSM-10 classifies bipolar into 3 categories. Describe bipolar III

A

Hypomania following use of antidepressants

18
Q

Which form of bipolar - I, II or III - is most common?

A

Bipolar II

19
Q

Depression changes to bipolar disorder once you have a manic episode. True/False?

A

True

20
Q

How long should an episode last to be classified as hypomania?

A

Mood is elevated or irritable, abnormal to the individual for 4 consecutive days

21
Q

List features of hypomania

A 
At least 3 of:
Restlessness/increased activity
Increased talkativeness
Easily distracted
Decreased need for sleep
Increased sexual energy
Recklessness, irresponsibility
22
Q

How long should an episode last to be classified as mania?

A

Mood elevated, expanive, irritable; abnormal to the individual for minimum 1 week or hospitalisation

23
Q

List distinguishing features (from hypomania) of mania (features of hypomania can also be present)

A 
Racing thoughts
Loss of normal social inhibitions
Inappropriate behaviour
Inflated self-esteem
Sexual indiscretion
24
Q

Depression exhibits features of diurnal variation. Explain.

A

It is typically worse in the morning, and gets better by the end of the day

25
Q

What features are typical of a depressive person when they describe how they are sleeping?

A 
Early morning wakening - waking at least 2 hours before the expected/ normal waking time
Initial insomnia (>1/2 hr)
26
Q

List features of cognition in low mood

A

Slow with complaints of poor memory, deficits involving working memory, attention, planning
PSEUDO-DEMENTIA

27
Q

Depression is a recurrent disease. True/ False?

A

True

10 year recurrence rate is > 80%

28
Q

What are the five Rs of depression?

A 
Response
Remission
Relapse
Recovery
Recurrence
29
Q

Define ‘bipolar disorder’

A

2 or more episode in which patients mood and activity levels are significantly disturbed, disturbance can consist of hypo-mania or mania, typically interspace with depression

30
Q

Define mania without psychotic symptoms. Give examples.

A

Absence of hallucinations or delusions but perceptual disorders may occur e.g. subjective hyperacusis, appreciation of vivid colours

31
Q

Define mania with psychotic symptoms. Give examples.

A

Delusions or hallucinations present, other than those seen in typical schizophrenia e.g. grandoise, self-referential, erotic, persecutory

32
Q

Which mood disorder is commonly seen in families, and involves changing between different moods?

A

Cyclothymia

33
Q

What is psychotic depression?

A

Occasionally paranoid, mood is congruent or hypochondrial

34
Q

What age does bipolar disorder usually present?

A

Usually teens or early 20s

35
Q

List some common co-morbid conditions associated with bipolar disorder

A 
Anxiety disorders
Alcohol and drug misuse
Personality disorders
Eating disorders
Schizoaffective disorder
Schizophrenia
36
Q

What is ‘cyclothymia’?

A

MILD BIPOLAR DISORDER

Elevated and depressed mood episodes but not extreme enough to be depression or bipolar disorder

37
Q

What is ‘mixed affective state’?

A

A state wherein features unique to both depression and mania—such as despair, fatigue, morbid or suicidal ideation, racing thoughts, pressure of activity, and heightened irritability—occur either simultaneously or in very short succession

Y3 PSYCHIATRY (23 decks)

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