Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

abnormal psych test 2 > Mood Disorders > Flashcards

Mood Disorders Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

response rate or anti depressants

A

30%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

DSM depression criteria and age

A

states that the essential features of depression are the same for all age groups but also indicate that there are some age associated features (kids tend to be aggressive, hyper and act out)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

symptoms of depression

A

sad mood, feeling blue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

syndrome

A

regular co-existence of symptoms that commonly occur together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

disorder

A

must meet the DMS criteria
-affects function/need dysfunction
-distress
-not caused by medication/medical condition
-time course of persistant for 2 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

5 or more symptoms for major depression must be present for 2 weeks

A

-depressed mood
-loss of interest/pleasure (anhedonia)
-appetite/weight loss
-insomnia or hypersomnia
-psychomotor agitation or retardation
-fatigue or loss of energy
-feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
-poor concentration
-suicidal ideation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

at least 1 of these symptoms must be present for major depression

A

-depressed mood
-loss of interest or pleasure (anhedonia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

depression in infancy

A

“anaclitic depression”- lack of attempts at expression, apathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

depression in toddlerhood (1-2)

A

aggression, hyperactive (agitated, upset)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

depression in preschoolers (3-4)

A

irritability, social withdrawal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

depression in school aged kids (5-6th grade)

A

withdrawal, not liking to play, not liking to talk to their families, feeling that they would never get that they want, thinking that they would not have a good time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

depression in adolescents

A

12 year old- pessimistic about future, won’t be happier when older, sleep problems, and decreased appetite
17 year old- nightmares and suicidal ideation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

depression sex ratio in grade school

A

M=F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

depression sex ratio in highschool

A

F>M in a 2:1 ratio
-due to girls dealing with physical changes sooner, sex role socialization, boys express distress through externalizing behavior while girls internalizing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

abraham-freud model

A

conversion of aggressive instinct into depression (aggression turned inward); loss of self esteem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

object loss model (Spitz, Bowlby)

A

separation and disruption of an attachment bond and/or insecure mother-infant attachments in early life and/or atmosphere without love

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

loss (of anything) =

A

depression or dysphoric mood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

beck

A

cognitive triad consisting of negative views of self, experiences to date and view of the future–> worthlessness, helplessness and hopelessness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

self turns to

A

worthlessness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

experiences to date turns to

A

helplessness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

view of the future turns to

A

hopelessness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Learned-helplessness model (Seligman)

A

learned helplessness develops because the individual does not recognize the relationship between his/her response and any relief from adverse events

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

loss of reinforcement model (lazarus and lewinsohn)

A

loss of positive reinforcement/pleasurable events in everyday life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

biological model

A

emphasizes genetic factors and neurophysological theories (ex. neurotransmitter functioning)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

depression is most often thought of as a combination of

A

genetic factors, physiological stressors, psychosocial stressors and developmental factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

ECT procedures

A

-patient put under anesthesia
-muscles are paralyzed (with a muscle relaxer)
-2 electrodes placed on scalp
-electrical current passed between electrodes (1-2 seconds)
-grand mal seizure should occur (lasting 30s-1min)
-EEG confirms that a seizure has taken place
-oxygen administered to prevent damage from hypoxia
-repeated 2-3 times a week until mood improved

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

placement of EEG electrodes

A

-traditionally placed on opposite sides of head
-more recently place both electrodes on the non-dominant side of the head (RH)
-unilateral placement results in less confusion and memory loss/complaints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

ECT works best for

A

depressed patients with delusions, severe insomnia, loss of appetite and total inability to feel pleasure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

how many sessions of ECT are effective

A

6-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

DSM does not recognize postpartum depression instead

A

patients must meet the criteria for MDD and the criteria for the peri-partum onset specifier(onset pregnancy or within 4 weeks of delivery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

PDD definitions

A

a non-psychotic depressive episode that either occurs after delivery or begins prior to delivery and continues into the postpartum period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

symptoms of PPD

A

dysphoric mood along with loss of interest in daily activities, changed in sleep/appetite, fatigue, suicidal ideation, excessive guilt
impairment in functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

prevalence of PDD

A

occurs in 13% of those who give birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

duration of PPD

A

symptoms must persist for at least one week and can last for months after delivery or recur at later times

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

risk factors for PPD

A

-increase in estrogen and progesterone during pregnancy and decrease after delivery
-lower income, SES
-poor marital relationship
-lack of social support
-history of depression or dysthymia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

implications of PPD

A

-marital problems
-delivering an at risk baby
-negative effects on the development of the child
-risk for future depressive episodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

treatments for PPD

A

-interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT): seeks to evaluate and replace problematic aspects of the client’s relations with healthier alternatives
-cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT): seeks to acknowledge and replace inappropriate thoughts and behaviors with “healthier” ones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

medications for PPD

A

-most not advised for pregnant of breastfeeding women
-tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), maybe SSRIs considered safe
-MAOIs considered unsafe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

most common PPD

A

postpartum blues–> 30-75%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

postpartum blues

A

relatively benign, short lived, time limited depressive reaction within the first several days postpartum

41
Q

least common PPD

A

postpartum psychosis –> 0.1-0.2%

42
Q

postpartum psychosis

A

a sudden onset, rapidly evolving disorder marked by depressive and psychotic symptoms

43
Q

dysthymia

A

persistent depressive disorder, unipolar

44
Q

dysthymia classification

A

-depressed mood for most of the day for majority of the days for at least 2 years
-need 2 or more of the classifications (poor appetite/overeating, insomnia/hypersomnia, low energy or fatigue, low self esteem, poor concentration, feeling hopeless)
-never without symptoms for more than 2 months during the 2+ years
-no MDD during first 2 years of symptoms and no manic episodes
-symptoms not due to drugs or medical reasons

45
Q

dysthymia in kids

A

depressed mood for most of day for one year

46
Q

bipolar disorder definition

A

cycles of manic and depressive episodes with times of normal functioning between mania and depression

47
Q

bipolar I

A

one or more manic episodes (hypomania or major depressive episodes may have occurred before or after the manic episode)

48
Q

bipolar II

A

one or more major depressive episodes, at least one hypomanic episodes and no manic episodes

49
Q

hypomanic episodes

A

less severe version of mania, elated happy

50
Q

bipolar manic depression symptoms

A

-distinct period of abnormally and persistent elevated, expanside or irritable mood
-3+ of following: inflated self esteem/grandiosity, decreased need for sleep, pressured speech/ more talkative, flight of ideas/racing thoughts, distractibility, increase in goal directed activity or psychomotor agitation, excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have high potential for painful consequences

51
Q

manic episode

A

often accompanied by delusions, lasts 1 week or more

52
Q

hypomanic episode definition

A

delusions often not present, lasts 4 consecutive days or more

53
Q

completed suicide rate in those with bipolar disorder

A

10-15%, 1 in 5 of patients with bipolar complete suicide

54
Q

percent of child getting bipolar when both parents are diagnosed

A

66%

55
Q

year reduction in expected life span of those with bipolar

A

9.2 years

56
Q

cyclothymia

A

-“minor bipolar”
-numerous periods of hypomanic symptoms and depressed mood for at least 2 years (1 in kids)
-never without symptoms for more than 2 months in 2 year period
-criteria never met for major depressive episode, manic episode or hypomanic episode
-impairments and not due to drugs/medical
-often begins in adolescence
-15-50% chance it will develop into bipolar disorder

57
Q

lifetime prevalence of MDD

A

-10-25% for women
-5%-12% in men

58
Q

lifetime prevalence of dysthmia

A

6%

59
Q

lifetime prevalence of BPD

A

1%

60
Q

lifetime prevalence of cyclothymia

A

1%

61
Q

gender differences of lifetime prevalences

A

-women 2x more likely to be diagnosed with MDD as men
-equal prevalence for others

62
Q

response rate to ketamine

A

70%

63
Q

significant decrease in those those with depression with use of ketamine as early as

A

110 mins

64
Q

effects of ketamine for depression wear off by

A

day 7

65
Q

ketamine and anti suicidal effects

A

significant drop in suicidal ideation on day 1 and continues on

66
Q

functional reorganization after ketamine

A

brain has reorganization in lots of emotional centers such as prefrontal brain connection

67
Q

side effects of ketamine

A

-short term and well tolerated
-dissociation
-raised blood pressure and heart rate

68
Q

ketamine mechanism of action

A

-block NMDA receptors on inhibitory neurons which enhances synaptic plasticity
-operates on glutamate

69
Q

most common and most severe mood disorder

A

major depressive episode

70
Q

anhedonia

A

loss of energy and inability to engage in pleasurable activities or have any fun

71
Q

duration of MDD if not treated

A

4-9 months

72
Q

mania

A

find extreme pleasure in every activity, sense of elation and euphoria

73
Q

hypomanic episode

A

less severe version of manic episode, does not cause marked impairment in social/occupational functioning, needs to last only 4 days versus a week

74
Q

unipolar mood disorder

A

depression

75
Q

bipolar mood disorder

A

mania and depression
travel from one pole to the other on the mania-depression continuum

76
Q

mixed features

A

condition in which the individual experienced both elation and depression or anxiety at the same time (maybe called dysmorphic manic episode or mixed manic episode)

77
Q

recurrent

A

if 2 or more major depressive episodes occurred and were separated by at least 2 months during which the individual was not depressed

78
Q

risk of recurrent MDD episodes by year

A

year 1: 20%
year 2: 40%

79
Q

median lifetime number of MDD episodes

A

4-7

80
Q

median duration of MDD episodes

A

4-5 months

81
Q

persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)

A

mood disorder involving persistently depressed mood with low self esteem for at least 2 years with no absence of symptoms for more than 2 months
-considered more severe than MDD
-high rates of comorbidity
-slower rates of improvement

82
Q

double depression

A

those who suffer from both MDD episodes and persistent depression with fewer symptoms

83
Q

relapse rate of depression for those meeting criteria of dysthymia

A

71%

84
Q

MDD age pattern

A

U shaped
-high in early adulthood
-low in middle adult
-high again as older adults

85
Q

median duration of persistent depression in adults

A

5 years in adults
4 years in kids
\

86
Q

patients with ____ are more likely to attempt suicide

A

persistent depression and less severe depressive symptoms

87
Q

integrated grief

A

grief that evolves from acute grief into a condition in which the individual accepts the finality of a death and adjusts to the loss
normal reaction

88
Q

complicated grief

A

grief characterized by debilitating feelings of loss and emotions so painful that a person has trouble resuming a normal life

89
Q

premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)

A

clinically significant problems that can occur during premenstrual phase of women’s reproductive cycle, can be incapacitating emotional reactions

90
Q

disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

A

condition in which a child has chronic negative moods such as anger and irritability without any accompanying mania

91
Q

cyclothymic disorder

A

chronic (at least 2 years) mood disorder characterized by alternating mood elevation and depression levels that are not as severe as manic or major depressive disorder

92
Q

average age onset bipolar I

A

15-18

93
Q

average age onset bipolar II

A

19-22

94
Q

cyclothymis disorder turning into bipolar disorder

A

1/3-1/2 of patients developed into full blown bipolar

95
Q

cyclothymia statistics

A

-60% female
-most common age of onset 12-14
-subtypes based on predominance of mild depressive symptoms, hypomanic symptoms or both

96
Q

lifetime prevalence of mood disorder

A

15%

97
Q

lifetime prevalence of MDD disorder

A

16%

98
Q

1 year prevalence of major depressive disorder

A

6%

99
Q

F:M ration of mood disorders

A

2:1 (mostly MDD and dysthymia

abnormal psych test 2 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions