Mood Disorders Flashcards
What is the first line of treatment for Bipolar Disorder?
Pharmacology
Rhea is experiencing anhedonia as part of her diagnosis of major depressive disorder. Based on the case information provided, which occupation many be MOST impacted by this symptom?
a) Multi-tasking at work
b) Socializing with her friends
c) Sleep
d) Financial management
Socializing with her friends
Rhea has gone through a contentious divorce and while she used to be outgoing and upbeat, over the last several months increasingly feels sad,
empty and hopeless nearly every day, most of the day. She is having
difficulty concentrating on her work tasks as an executive assistant and
frequently takes long pauses to respond and cannot type as quickly as
usual. She no longer finds pleasure in walking with friends and is
becoming increasingly socially isolated- which is making her feelings of
hopelessness worse.
Rhea’s symptoms are most consistent with what health condition:
a) Bipolar Disorder II
b) Major Depressive Disorder
c) Social Isolation
d) Cyclothymia
Major depressive disorder
A person must experience 5 of the following symptoms for diagnosis of what disorder?
* Depressed mood
* Feeling hopeless
* Feeling sad
* Feeling emotionally empty
* Anhedonia
* Loss of body weight without dieting
* Gain in body weight (can be a side effect of medication)
* Altered sleep
* Change in psychomotor behavior
* Fatigue/loss of energy
* Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
* Impaired cognition
* Thoughts of death or suicide
Major depressive disorder
Symptoms of major depressive order persist for most of the day, nearly everyday
True or False?
True
Despite ongoing research, there is still no one known cause of mood disorders, both major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder are widely believed to result from
A complex combination of biological, genetic and psychosocial factors
Major depressive disorder in children may exhibit different symptoms than those of adults, these symptoms may include:
Irritability, negativity, acting clingy or overly needy, behavioral problems in school, refusing to attend school, and fear of a parent’s death
In older adults the risk of major depressive disorder may increase with…
Physical and/or chronic illness, disease, or disability
Pharmacology for major depressive disorder often involves what type of medication?
Antidepressant medications which work to regulate neurotransmitters (Particularly serotonin and norepinephrine)
Side effects for antidepressant medications may include:
Sedation, nausea, headache, agitation, sexual dysfunction, dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision, increased risk of stroke
Side effects of all antidepressants can range from minor to life-threatening depending on the individual, this can result in ____________
Medication non-compliance
Side effects for mood stabilizer medications may include:
Sedation, weight gain, tremors, dry mouth, excessive thirst, restlessness, acne, gastric irritation, kidney malfunction
The first-line of treatment for major depressive disorder involves…
Psychological treatment (CBT and mindfulness based CBT)
Major depressive disorder has a highly variable course with 1 in 3 becoming chronic
True or false?
True
SSRIs, SNRIs, MAOIs are all which type of medication
Antidepressants
Name some activities of daily living that may be affected by a mood disorder such as bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder
The ability to care for personal health such as eating well, following a healthy diet, sleeping regularly and exercising may be impaired.
Previously maintained routines may be disrupted.
Symptoms of avolition and anhedonia seen in depressive episodes may affect activities of daily living in what way?
Decrease motivation for exercise, proper nutrition, grooming, and hygiene
Symptoms of distractibility, impulsivity, and psychomotor disturbances that are characteristics of a manic or hypomanic episode can interfere with…
Quality of self-care, sleep patterns, sleep quality
For individuals who continue to experience residual symptoms between episodes it can be even more difficult to re-engage in meaningful life roles. The individual dealing with recurring depressed, manic, or cycling moods has great difficulty managing daily tasks that involve…
Work, school, parenting/caregiving, home maintenance and healthy leisure.
Involvement in healthy leisure activities is usually limited in those with a mood disorder. Those with major depressive disorder are likely to …
Socially isolate and cease participation in activities due to symptoms of anhedonia (inability to feel pleasure) and avolition (lack of motivation)
During a ______ or _______ episode, individuals may experience an initial burst of creative, goal-directed energy, but they are more likely to engage in risky or dangerous activities and, over time, to become more unable to organize time and activities.
Manic or hypomanic
What is the main difference between bipolar I and bipolar II disorders?
The main difference between bipolar I and bipolar II disorders lies in the severity of the manic episodes caused by each type.
A person with bipolar I will experience a full manic episode, while a person with bipolar II will experience only a hypomanic episode (a period that’s less severe than a full manic episode)
Dysthymia is also known as…
Persistent depressive disorder
Bipolar disorder I may present with hallucinations or delusions
True or False?
True
In children, ______ may present as: happiness, silliness, ‘goofiness’ but is inappropriate to context, beyond what is expected at developmental level; inappropriately recurrent outside of special occasions
Mania
______________ is the first-line of recommended treatment for bipolar disorder
Pharmacology