MOOD DISORDERS Flashcards
What are mood/affective disorders?
Fundamental disturbance of change in affect/mood to depression or to elation
Usually recurrent and onset of individual episodes often related to stressful events/situations
What is the DSM-5 criteria of a depressive episode?
2+ weeks of depressed mood and 4 of the following: - Sleep alterations - Appetite alterations - Anhedonia - Decreased concentration - Low energy - Guilt - Psychomotor changes - Suicidal thoughts
What are the 3 core symptoms of depression?
Low mood
Low energy
Anhedonia
How is major depressive disorder diagnosed?
Major depressive episode with no previous mani or hypomanic episodes in the past
What is the DSM-5 criteria for manic episodes?
Euphoric/irritable mood and 3 of the following: - Decreased need for sleep with increased energy - Distractibility - Grandiosity - Racing thoughts/ideas - Increased talkativeness - Increased goal-directed activities/psychomotor agitation - Impulsive disorder
Symptoms present for 1 week min. with notable functional impairment (psychosis, hospitalised..,)
What is the DSM-5 diagnosis for type I bipolar disorder?
Manic episode diagnosis leading to diagnosis of this
What is the DSM-5 diagnosis for a hypomanic episode?
Symptoms of a manic episode present for 4 days min. without notable functional impairment
What is the DSM-5 diagnosis for type II bipolar disorder?
Only hypomanic episodes diagnosed with no manic episode and at least one major depressive episode
What is the DSM-5 diagnosis for unspecified bipolar disorder?
Manic symptoms occur for less than 4 days or if any other specific threshold not met for manic/hypomanic episodes
What can manic episodes be characterised by?
Psychotic features (delusions, hallucinations) If patient hospitalised it cannot be hypomania no matter how long the duration of symptoms
In bipolar I what are the majority of first episodes?
Depressive
What is the relationship between anxiety and bipolar disorder?
30-70% of bipolar patients
Worse prognosis and outcomes
What are the treatments for mania, MDD and bipolar disorder?
Neuroleptic agents
Lithium
Antidepressants e.g. SSRIs, noradrenergics
How does insight differ between depression and mania?
Generally insight preserved in depression and impaired in mania.
Insight might be more present in moderate states of mani and lacking in severe mania and hypomania (U curve)
What is depression characterised by?
Biases in maintaining/shifting attention
Difficult for depressed people to disengage from -ve material
Negative memory bias
Preferential recall of -ve compared to +ve material
Increased recognition of -ve faces and/or decreased recognition of happy faces (enhanced amygdala response)
