Mood Disorders

Question 1

what is mood?

Answer 1

pervasive and sustained tone that is internal and colors a person’s behavior and perception

Question 2

what is affect?

Answer 2

external manifestation of mood

Question 3

what are mood disorders?

Answer 3

clinical conditions characterized by a loss of a sense of control and significant subjective distress

Question 4

what differentiates unipolar vs bipolar?

Answer 4

Major depressive episodes ONLY (MDD)=unipolar

Major depressive PLUS manic episodes = bipolar

Question 5

what is hypomania?

Answer 5

low grade mania sxs

Question 6

what is cyclothymia?

Answer 6

low grade bipolar sxs

-lasts 2 yrs and doesn’t meet criteria for bipolar I or II

Question 7

what is dysthymia?

Answer 7

low grade depression sxs

-long-lasting, less severe lasting 2 yrs

Question 8

what is unipolar mania/pure mania?

Answer 8

when only manic sxs are present

Question 9

what is a major depressive episode?

Answer 9

distinct period of depressed mood and/or loss of interest or pleasure (must last at least 2 weeks)
-feel like they are in a fog

Question 10

what is a manic episode?

Answer 10

distinct period of abn and persistently elevated, expansive and irritable mood (must last at least one week)

Question 11

who does depression affect most?

Answer 11

women > men

Question 12

who does mania affect most?

Answer 12

men > women

Question 13

which gender are more rapid cyclers (4+ episodes in one year)?

Answer 13

women

Question 14

what is the avg age of onset of depression?

Answer 14

40 yo

Question 15

what is avg age of onset of bipolar disorder?

Answer 15

30 yo

Question 16

what other things do ppl with mood disorders have an increased risk fo?

Answer 16

substance abuse, panic disorders, OCD, anxiety disorder (this can increase suicide risk)

Question 17

oversupply of dopamine is a/w which disorder?

Answer 17

schizophrenia (also may involve glutamate)

mania

Question 18

undersupply of serotonin is a/w which disorder?

Answer 18

depression

anxiety

Question 19

what does GABA correlate with?

Answer 19

anxiety and intoxication

Question 20

what is the most common condition involved in the psychiatric realm?

Answer 20

mood disorders

Question 21

what is bipolar 1?

Answer 21

characterized by mainly manic episodes or rapid daily cycling

Question 22

what is bipolar 2?

Answer 22

characterized by mainly depressive episodes accompanied by hypomania

Question 23

which substances affect dopamine levels?

Answer 23

cocaine
amphetamines
ritalin
alcohol

Question 24

which substances affect serotonin levels?

Answer 24

prozac

hallucinogenics (LSD)

Question 25

what does imbalance in norepinephrine cause?

Answer 25

HTN, depression (undersupply)

Question 26

which substances affect norepinephrine?

Answer 26

Tricyclic antidepressants | beta blockers

Question 27

what do ACh imbalances cause?

Answer 27

muscular disorders | Alzheimers dz

Question 28

which substances affect ACh levels?

Answer 28

nicotine botulism toxin curare atropine

Question 29

which substances affect GABA?

Answer 29

barbiturates tranquilizers (valium, librium) alcohol

Question 30

which substances affect glutamine?

Answer 30

PCP

Question 31

what anatomical changes can stress and depression cause?

Answer 31

HPA axis (thyroid) and changes in brain structure

Question 32

what depressive feelings are commonly a/w suicidal thoughts?

Answer 32

excessive feelings of worthlessness or feelings of guilt

Question 33

how are mood disorders inherited?

Answer 33

it's genetic

Question 34

what can often trigger depressive of bipolar episodes?

Answer 34

significant life stressors

Question 35

what causes future episodes of MDD or bipolar to be more likely?

Answer 35

changes in neurotransmission functioning in the brain

Question 36

what is the cognitive triad of depression?

Answer 36

negative views of 1. self, 2. environment, 3. future

Question 37

which PDs are more likely to also be depressed?

Answer 37

OCPD histrionic borderline

Question 38

what is a key sxs that is common in mania?

Answer 38

unrestrained buying sprees (large credit card debt), sexual activity, gambling, foolish business investments

Question 39

what is a mixed episode?

Answer 39

very rare | experience mania AND depression in one day

Question 40

who has higher rates of bipolar?

Answer 40

higher SES (socioeconomic)

Question 41

where is depression more common?

Answer 41

rural areas

Question 42

what is the diathesis-stress model?

Answer 42

the idea that everyone is susceptible to some disorder

Question 43

what is a qualifier for having an MDD recurrence?

Answer 43

must be 2 mo sxs free between episodes

Question 44

how is bipolar coding differentiated?

Answer 44

by the manic episodes

Question 45

what is a qualifier for having a bipolar recurrence?

Answer 45

must be 2 mo without a manic or hypomanic episode

Question 46

what is a paradoxical suicide?

Answer 46

depressed pts actually commit suicide even when they are getting better