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POLS 362 > Month 2 > Flashcards

Month 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Transformational

A

Causes change in individuals and social systems

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2
Q

Transactional

A

Relies on rewards and punishments to gain optimal performance from subordinates

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3
Q

Smart power

A

Ability to understand context so that hard AND soft power can combine

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4
Q

Leadership Orientation Focuses

A

1) Pervasiveness and variability of political constraints
2) Divergent effects on foreign policy
3) Central role in political explanations of war proneness

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5
Q

Political constraints

A

Opposition to the regime
Divisions in state leadership
State power vis-a-vis societal actors (extraction of resources)

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6
Q

Forms of Dynamics

A

Mobilization
Insulation
Accommodation

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7
Q

Mobilization

A

Prevent defection and appeal to nationalism

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8
Q

Insulation

A

Contain opposition, reduce constraints on foreign policy choices

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9
Q

Accommodation

A

Avoidance of domestically controversial actions

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10
Q

Democratization

A

Less ability to control opposition so must accommodate

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11
Q

Institutionalization

A

Extent to which political norms are legitimatized

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12
Q

Hagan’s Political Orientations

A

Moderate/Acquiescent
Pragmatic
Militant
Radical

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13
Q

Moderate/Acquiescent

A

DO NOT VIEW IR as inherent threat
Recognize significant constraints
Cooperative and diplomatic

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14
Q

Pragmatic

A

Perceive IR as potentially dangerous
Relatively restrained, complex view of threats
Adversaries do not pose direct threat
Room for diplomacy

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15
Q

Militant

A

Zero-sum game
IR highly hostile, do not acknowledge diplomacy
Confrontational
Adversaries direct threat

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16
Q

Radical

A

Zero-sum game
Exaggerate threats to nation
Adversaries are evil
Utilize superior military power only
Diplomacy is laughable

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17
Q

Owen’s factors

A

Domestic regime type
Who is governing
Domestic cohesiveness
Foreigner’s reaction

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18
Q

Reasons for regime change

A

1) Change in state preference
2) Ability to gather and process information

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19
Q

Attributes of leaders

A

1) Beliefs and values
2) Knowledge, experience, interest
3) Perception and cognition
4) Emotion and reason
5) Leader’s management style
6) Risk tolerance

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20
Q

Factors that influence leader attributes

A

1) Domestic audience
2) Advisors
3) Regime type
4) Decision-making setting
5) Available information and choices

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21
Q

Big 5

A

Extroversion
Neuroticism
Conscientiousness
Agreeableness
Openness

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22
Q

Active Positive

A

Hard work, flexible, outcome-oriented

23
Q

Active Negative

A

Rigid, circumvent rules, feeling of inadequacy

24
Q

Positive Passive

A

Need acceptance, dependent, ignore own excesses

25
Q

Passive Negative

A

Sense of obligation, can’t affect change, low activity

26
Q

Margaret’s factors

A

Attitude Towards Contraints and Openness of Information
–Challange Constraints or Respect
–Open or Closed to Info

27
Q

Market Imperative

A

National economies are vulnerable to transnational markets
–reinforced quest for international stability

28
Q

Resource Imperative

A

every nation has something another needs

29
Q

Info-Tech Imperative

A

science is dependent on collaboration; capitalistic tendencies

30
Q

Jihad

A

war is not policy, rather emblem of identity

31
Q

Transfer of power may lead to

A

a transfer of ideas

32
Q

Influences on Role Perception

A

-cultural-ethnic composition of state
-desire for ethnic unity
-sense of belonging to region

33
Q

End of History Hypothesis

A

FALSE; insinuates that the post Cold War world would have one westernized culture

34
Q

Theory of Mcdonaldization

A

One dominant culture spreads worldwide
-people buy food and democracy (half true)

35
Q

Clash of Civilizations

A

rise of 2 axis; west vs east (human rights & religion)

36
Q

Culture as Product of History

A

states have ptsd; trauma affects their foreign policy

37
Q

Culture as Organization of Meaning

A

stories, pop culture, national myths define national identity and influence view of others

38
Q

Culture as Value Preferences

A

participant
subject
parochial

39
Q

Participant

A

Active participation of citizens in decision-making

40
Q

Subject

A

citizens aware of outcome but do not participate

41
Q

Parochial

A

low expectation and awareness of government

42
Q

Culture as Templates of Human Strategy

A

assumptions about:
-nature of adversary and threat posed
-efficacy of use of force & useful conditions

43
Q

States hew towards

A

the “power line”

44
Q

NATO

A

formed to defend against USSR
developed into safeguarding democracy and human rights

45
Q

BRICS

A

formed for economic cooperation & investments
developed into NATO competition, independence from US-led economic system

46
Q

American Exceptionalism

A

U.S. right to define rules and norms due to “divine providence”; universalization based on own norms

47
Q

Modernization Theory

A

Traditional societies develop as they adopt modern practices from modernized nations

48
Q

Realist v Constructivist on development of security relationships

A

Realist: Mutual Benefit
Constructivist: Shared values and identities

49
Q

National Role Conception is the question of…

A

what do we do?

50
Q

Interventionist

A

interfering in the policies of other nations, typically via trade or military

51
Q

Role acknolwedgment

A

acknolwedge role and act accordingly

52
Q

Role task rejection

A

refuse role tasks due to non-functionality, non-representation or non-tenability

53
Q

Role task substitution

A

replace expected tasks with those that are compatible with nation identity

54
Q

Net Provider of Security

A

actor providing security duties; supports burden-sharing for public good

POLS 362 (4 decks)

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