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Ap Gov > Monster Vocab > Flashcards

Monster Vocab Flashcards

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U.S. Government Basics flashcards AP® U.S. Government flashcards
1
Q

Amicus curiae

A

An argument filed with a court by an individual or group who is not party to a law suit (friend of the court brief)

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2
Q

Block grants

A

Federal money given to the states with few restrictions and how It should be spent

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3
Q

Categorical grants

A

Money given by the federal government to the states to be used for a narrowly defined purpose

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4
Q

Caucus

A

Face to face meetings of party members at the local or state level to determine their parties candidate

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5
Q

Civil rights

A

14 amendment equal protection clause has been used to extend these to all groups

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6
Q

Civil liberties

A

14th amendment due process clause has been used to protect individuals from government action

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7
Q

Cleavages

A

Division of voters into voting blocs a sharp division or split

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8
Q

Closed primary

A

A vote by party members to determine their parties candidate for office which is restricted to those in the party

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9
Q

Cooperative federalism

A

A system where the federal government and the states work together in funding and administering programs

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10
Q

Critical elections

A

An election where a new coalition of voters form beginning a new party era

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11
Q

Dealignment

A

When voters no longer identify with one of the two major parties and become independent voters

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12
Q

Demographic

A

Statistical characteristics of a population

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13
Q

Divided government

A

When the president is from one political party and one or both houses are from the other

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14
Q

Devolution

A

A process by which the national government gives more authority and power to the states

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15
Q

Elite

A

An identifiable group of persons who possess a disproportionate share of some valued resource such a political power

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16
Q

Executive order

A

A presidential directive that has the force of the law and is used to carry out laws and constitutional responsibilities

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17
Q

Federalism

A

A system of government where the power is shared between the national government and the states. A division of power

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18
Q

Fiscal federalism

A

The use of spending by the national government through the grant process to influence state policies

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19
Q

Gender gap

A

Difference of political views between men and women

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20
Q

General election

A

An election to select the person who will hold office

21
Q

Gerrymandering

A

Drawing congressional district boundaries to benefit a group usually a political party

22
Q

Grassroots lobbying

A

Ordinary citizens raising awareness for a cause and pushing the government to adopt a particular policy

23
Q

Horse race journalism

A

The tendency of the media to focus on which candidate is ahead in the polls rather than focusing on the issues

24
Q

Incumbent

A

An office holder who is running for reelection

25
Q

Independent expenditures

A

Money spent on advertising that is not sponsored by a candidate or a party

26
Q

Interest group

A

An organization that advocates for policies through lobbying electioneering grassroots mobilization and protesting

27
Q

Judicial review

A

The power of the Supreme Court to overturn a law or executive action as unconstitutional

28
Q

Linkage institutions

A

The political channel through which people’s concerns become political issues on the policy agenda

29
Q

Lobbying

A

Efforts by an interest group or individual to contact a member of congress and advocate for a particular policy

30
Q

Midterm election

A

An election in which voters select members of congress but not the president

31
Q

Open primary

A

An election to determine a parties candidate for office and those not registered with the party can join

32
Q

Party polarization

A

When political parties move farther away from each other ideologically and also move away from the center

33
Q

Plurality system

A

An electoral system in which the winner is the person who gets the most votes not necessarily the majority vote

34
Q

Pluralism

A

A theory of government in which many groups compete for policy control

35
Q

Political action committee (PAC)

A

An organization set up by a corporation labor union or interest group that is registered with the federal election commission that raises and spends campaign money from voluntary donations limit to 5000 per candidate per election

36
Q

Political culture

A

A distinctive and patterned way of thinking about how a political and economic life ought to be carried out. The shared political views of society

37
Q

Political efficacy

A

A citizens capacity to understand and influence political events

38
Q

Political ideology

A

A more or less consistent set of beliefs about what policies government ought to pursue

39
Q

Political party

A

A group of individuals who organize to run candidates for office

40
Q

Political socialization

A

The process through which an individual developed his or her own political beliefs

41
Q

Realignment

A

The process through which voters leave one major party for another

42
Q

Redistricting

A

Changing congressional district boundaries based on a new census

43
Q

Selective incorporation

A

The process by which the bill of rights has been applied to the states on a case by case basis through the 14th amendment

44
Q

Single member districts

A

The electoral system used to select members of the House of Representatives

45
Q

Stare decisis

A

When a court follows precedent by letting a previous decision stand

46
Q

Sufferage

A

The right to vote

47
Q

Super PAC

A

An organization that can spend a vast and unlimited amount of money on a political campaign but make no contributions to the candidate or the party themselves

48
Q

Unfunded mandate

A

A federal requirement the forces the state to spend their own money

49
Q

Writ of certiorari

A

A document issued by the Supreme Court if it has agreed to hear a case from a lower court

Ap Gov (3 decks)

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