Monosaccharides and Disaccharides - Lesson 1

Question 1

what is a monomer

Answer 1

a small molecule that is a single unit of a polymer

Question 2

what is a polymer

Answer 2

a long chain molecule made up of many repeating monomer units joined together by chemical bonds

Question 3

what is a macromolecule

Answer 3

a very large molecule often formed by polymerisation

Question 4

what is starch

Answer 4

a long chain polymer formed of alpha-glucose monomers

Question 5

what is sucrose

Answer 5

a sweet-tasting disaccharide formed by the joining of alpha-glucose and fructose by a glycosidic bond

Question 6

what is glucose

Answer 6

a hexose sugar

Question 7

what is a monosaccharide

Answer 7

a single monomer unit

Question 8

what is a disaccharide

Answer 8

a sugar made up of 2 monosaccharide units joined by a glycosidic bond, formed in a condensation reaction

Question 9

what is a polysaccharide

Answer 9

a polymer made up of long chains of monosaccharide units joined by glycosidic bonds

Question 10

what is a triose sugar

Answer 10

a sugar with 3 carbon atoms

Question 11

what is a pentose sugar

Answer 11

a sugar with 5 carbon atoms

Question 12

what is ribose

Answer 12

a pentose sugar that makes up part of the structure of RNA

Question 13

what is deoxyribose

Answer 13

a pentose sugar that makes up part of the structure of DNA

Question 14

what is DNA

Answer 14

a nucleic acid that acts as the genetic material in many organisms

Question 15

what does DNA stand for

Answer 15

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 16

what is RNA

Answer 16

a nucleic acid which can act as the genetic material in some organisms and is involved in protein synthesis

Question 17

what is a hexose sugar

Answer 17

a sugar with 6 carbon atoms

Question 18

what are isomers

Answer 18

molecules that have the same chemical formula, but different molecular structure

Question 19

what is a condensation reaction

Answer 19

a reaction in which a molecule of water is removed from the reacting molecules as a bond is formed

Question 20

what is a glycosidic bond

Answer 20

a covalent bond formed between 2 monosaccharides in a condensation reaction

Question 21

what is a reducing sugar

Answer 21

sugars that react with blue Benedict’s solution and reduce the copper(II) ions to copper(I) ions, giving an orangey-red precipitate

Question 22

what are non-reducing sugars

Answer 22

sugars that do not react with Benedict’s solution

Question 23

what are carbohydrates used for

Answer 23

for storing energy in plants, fungi and bacteria

Question 24

what elements are carbohydrates made up of

Answer 24

cabron, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 25

in what ratio is the carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in cabrohydrates

Answer 25

1:2:1

Question 26

draw the structure of ribose

Answer 26

see book

Question 27

draw the structure of alpha-glucose

Answer 27

see book

Question 28

draw the structure of beta-glucose

Answer 28

see book

Question 29

which monomers is sucrose (disaccharide) made up of

Answer 29

alpha glucose + fructose

Question 30

which monomers is lactose (disaccharide) made up of

Answer 30

alpha-glucose + galactose

Question 31

which monomers is maltose (disaccharide) made up of

Answer 31

alpha-glucose + alpha-glucose