Monosaccharides and Disaccharides Flashcards
Most carbohydrates are…
Polymers
Polymers:
Large, complex molecules composed of long chains of monomers joined together
Monomers:
Small, basic molecular units
Examples of monomers:
Monosaccharides, amino acids and nucleotides
Carbohydrates are made from…
Monosaccharides
All carbohydrates contain the elements:
C, H and O
What are the monomers that carbohydrates are made from?
Monosaccharides
Examples of monosaccharides found in carbohydrates:
Glucose, fructose and galactose
Glucose is a…
Hexose sugar
What’s a hexose sugar?
Monosaccharide with six carbon atoms in each molecule
Since glucose is a monosaccharide, it’s a…
Monomer
Two types of glucose:
Alpha and beta
What are both types of glucose?
Isomers
Isomers:
Same molecular formula as each other
Atoms are connected in a different way
Condensation reactions join…
Monosaccharides together
What is a condensation reaction?
Two molecules (i.e. monosaccharides) jouin together with the formation of a glycosidic bond Water molecule is released when the bond is formed
A disaccharide is formed when…
Two monosaccharides join together
Two alpha-glucose molecules are joined together by…
Glycosidic bond
Water is removed
Maltose is formed
Sucrose:
Disaccharide formed from a condensation reaction between a glucose and fructose molecule
Lactose:
Disaccharide formed from a condensation reaction between a glucose and galactose molecule
What must be shown as the product when displaying a condensation reaction?
Water
