Monosaccharides and Disaccharides

Question 1

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 1

Simple sugars

Question 2

What are disaccharides?

Answer 2

Double sugars, formed from two monosaccharides

Question 3

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 3

Large molecules formed from many monosaccharides

Question 4

What is a triose monosaccharide?

Answer 4

A monosaccharide that contains three carbon atoms

Question 5

Name an example of a triose

Answer 5

Glyceraldehyde

Question 6

What is a hexose sugar?

Answer 6

A monosaccharide that contains six carbon atoms

Question 7

Name an example of a hexose

Answer 7

• Glucose
• Fructose
• Galactose

Question 8

What are some properties of glucose?

Answer 8

• It is the main energy source for most cells
• It is highly soluble
• the main form in which carbohydrates are transported around animal’s bodies

Question 9

Glucose exists in two forms. What are they called?

Answer 9

Alpha glucose and Beta glucose

Question 10

What are some properties of fructose and galactose?

Answer 10

Fructose is very soluble and is the main sugar in fruits.

Galactose is not as soluble and has an important role in the production of glycoproteins

Question 11

How many carbon atoms does a pentose have?

Answer 11

5

Question 12

Name an example of a pentose molecule

Answer 12

• Ribose

- Deoxyribose

Question 13

How are disaccharides formed?

Answer 13

When two monosaccharide molecules join together with a glycosidic bond, by a condensation reaction

Question 14

What reaction forms a disaccharide?

Answer 14

A condensation reaction

Question 15

What is the bond that holds two monosaccharides together?

Answer 15

An alpha 1-4 glycosidic bond

Question 16

How is a disaccharide broken down?

Answer 16

Through the process of hydrolysis, which breaks the glycosidic bond

Question 17

How is maltose broken back down into two glucose molecules?

Answer 17

The enzyme maltase hydrolyses them back into two molecules

Question 18

Which enzyme hydrolyses maltose back to two glucose molecules?

Answer 18

Maltase

Question 19

Explain the process of hydrolysis

Answer 19

A disaccharide is broken down back into two monosaccharides by breaking the glycosidic bond, with the use of water

Question 20

Explain the process of a condensation reaction

Answer 20

When two molecules join together to form a disaccharide and lose a molecule in the process, usually water

Question 21

How is maltose formed?

Answer 21

alpha glucose + alpha glucose

Question 22

Alpha glucose + Alpha glucose =

Answer 22

Maltose

Question 23

Glucose + Fructose =

Answer 23

Sucrose

Question 24

Glucose + Galactose =

Answer 24

Lactose

Question 25

The polymer of alpha glucose is?

Answer 25

Starch

Question 26

The polymer of Beta Glucose is?

Answer 26

Cellulose

Question 27

How are disaccharides turned back into two monosaccharides?

Answer 27

By hydrolysis