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🔮 > Monosaccharides and Disaccharides > Flashcards

Monosaccharides and Disaccharides Flashcards

1
Q

What are monosaccharides?

A

Simple sugars

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2
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

Double sugars, formed from two monosaccharides

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3
Q

What are polysaccharides?

A

Large molecules formed from many monosaccharides

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4
Q

What is a triose monosaccharide?

A

A monosaccharide that contains three carbon atoms

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5
Q

Name an example of a triose

A

Glyceraldehyde

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6
Q

What is a hexose sugar?

A

A monosaccharide that contains six carbon atoms

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7
Q

Name an example of a hexose

A
  • Glucose
  • Fructose
  • Galactose
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8
Q

What are some properties of glucose?

A
  • It is the main energy source for most cells
  • It is highly soluble
  • the main form in which carbohydrates are transported around animal’s bodies
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9
Q

Glucose exists in two forms. What are they called?

A

Alpha glucose and Beta glucose

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10
Q

What are some properties of fructose and galactose?

A

Fructose is very soluble and is the main sugar in fruits.

Galactose is not as soluble and has an important role in the production of glycoproteins

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11
Q

How many carbon atoms does a pentose have?

A

5

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12
Q

Name an example of a pentose molecule

A
  • Ribose

- Deoxyribose

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13
Q

How are disaccharides formed?

A

When two monosaccharide molecules join together with a glycosidic bond, by a condensation reaction

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14
Q

What reaction forms a disaccharide?

A

A condensation reaction

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15
Q

What is the bond that holds two monosaccharides together?

A

An alpha 1-4 glycosidic bond

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16
Q

How is a disaccharide broken down?

A

Through the process of hydrolysis, which breaks the glycosidic bond

17
Q

How is maltose broken back down into two glucose molecules?

A

The enzyme maltase hydrolyses them back into two molecules

18
Q

Which enzyme hydrolyses maltose back to two glucose molecules?

A

Maltase

19
Q

Explain the process of hydrolysis

A

A disaccharide is broken down back into two monosaccharides by breaking the glycosidic bond, with the use of water

20
Q

Explain the process of a condensation reaction

A

When two molecules join together to form a disaccharide and lose a molecule in the process, usually water

21
Q

How is maltose formed?

A

alpha glucose + alpha glucose

22
Q

Alpha glucose + Alpha glucose =

A

Maltose

23
Q

Glucose + Fructose =

A

Sucrose

24
Q

Glucose + Galactose =

A

Lactose

25
Q

The polymer of alpha glucose is?

A

Starch

26
Q

The polymer of Beta Glucose is?

A

Cellulose

27
Q

How are disaccharides turned back into two monosaccharides?

A

By hydrolysis

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