Monopoly Flashcards
What market share does google have
88%
Pure monopoly
A sole seller of a product or service in a market, doesn’t exist in reality
What is the market share requirement for a monopoly
25%
Characteristics of a monopoly
- High barriers to entry
- product differentiation
- Few competitors
- Price maker
- profit maximise
Why the demand curve for a monopoly downwards sloping and not completely inelastic
People can still choose to buy the good or not so price still changes with demand
Can Monopolies make long run supernormal profits and a loss
Yes because there are high barriers to entry so supernormal profit isn’t competed away
Third degree price discrimination
Firm charges different prices for the same product to different segments of the market
Examples of third degree price discrimination
- Times of the day
- Age
- Place
- Incomes
What are the conditions for third degree price discrimination to work
- Firm must be able to clearly separate market into groups of buyers
- Different customers must have different elasticities
- Firms must be able to control supply preventing buyers buying in different markets (adults buying child tickets)
First degree price discrimination
Charging customers the maximum they would be willing to pay which turns all consumer surplus into revenue
Second degree price discrimination
Lower prices charged to people buying large quantities, usually in wholesale markets, reduces some consumer surplus to those not buying large quantities
Why does the price discrimination diagram assume Ac and MC are a straight line
For simplicity spumes there are no economies of scale
In price discrimination who will be charged the higher price
The segment of the market that has a more inelastic demand for the product as this will allow the monopoly firm to profit more, people who commute to London for work have more inelastic demand for travel than tourists or shoppers so are charged more.
What is the point in showing all three graphs in price discrimination
By drawing both elastic and inelastic markets, and combined market you can illustrate that the two separate markets generate more profit for the firm than having a combined market
Benefits of third degree price discrimination
- Extra revenue for the firm
- Extra revenue may be reinvested to create more efficient production techniques
- Some consumers will benefit from lower prices
- higher prices are usually charged to those with higher incomes, progressive for inequality