monomers, polymers, and carbohydrates Flashcards
What is a monomer?
A smaller unit which can create larger molecules.
What is a polymer?
They are molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together.
Name examples of monomers.
- glucose
- amino acids
- nucleotides
Name examples of polymers.
- starch, cellulose, glycogen
- protein
- nucleotides (DNA, RNA)
Name examples of monosaccharides.
- glucose
- fructose
- galactose
Name examples of disaccharides.
- sucrose
- maltose
- lactose
Name examples of polysaccharides.
- starch
- cellulose
- glycogen
What are the two isomers of glucose called?
- alpha glucose
- beta glucose
What is the molecular formula of both the isomers of glucose
C6H12O6
What are disaccharides?
- made of two monosaccharides
- joined together by a glycosidic bond
- formed via a condensation reaction
How is the disaccharide maltose made?
- glucose + glucose -> maltose + water
How is the disaccharide lactose made?
- glucose + galactose -> lactose + water
How is the disaccharide sucrose made?
- glucose + fructose -> sucrose + water
What is a condensation reaction?
It is a reaction that joins two molecules together by removing water.
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
It is a reaction that splits apart molecules through the addition of water.
