monomers and polymers

Question 1

what are the key molecules that are required to build structures

Answer 1

carbohydrates
proteins
lipids
nucleic acids
water

Question 2

what is a monomer

Answer 2

a smaller unit from which larger molecules are made
subunit

Question 3

what is a polymer

Answer 3

molecule made from a large number of monomers joined together in a chain

Question 4

what is this process known as; single subunits that bond with many repeating subunits to form a large molecule

Answer 4

polymerisation

Question 5

what is macromolecule

Answer 5

a very large molecule containing 1000 or more atoms, meaning it has a high molecular mass

Question 6

what does unequal electron sharing form

Answer 6

a polar covalent bond

Question 7

what does equal electron sharing form

Answer 7

nonpolar covalent bond

Question 8

why are covalent bonds stable

Answer 8

high energy is required to break the bonds

Question 9

when does a covalent bond occur in terms of monomers

Answer 9

when 2 monomers are close enough that their outer orbitals overlap

Question 10

what type of reaction is a covalent bond between monomers

Answer 10

condensation because a H2O is removed

Question 11

what type of reaction is it when covalent bonds are broken

Answer 11

hydrolysis

Question 12

what type of covalent bond does a carbohydrate have

Answer 12

glycosidic

Question 13

what type of covalent bond does a protein have

Answer 13

peptide

Question 14

what type of covalent bond does a lipid have

Answer 14

ester

Question 15

what type of covalent bond does a nucleic acid have

Answer 15

phosphodiester

Question 16

what key elements makes an organic compound

Answer 16

carbon and hydrogen

Question 17

why are carbon atoms key to organic compounds

Answer 17

-each carbon atom forms 4 covalent bonds
-carbon atoms can create covalent bonds with oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur
- carbon atoms can form straight, branched or ringed chains

Question 18

what elements do all carbohydrates contain

Answer 18

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 19

what are the 3 types of carbohydrate

Answer 19

monosaccharide
disaccharide
polysaccharide

Question 20

what are 3 functions of carbohydrates

Answer 20

• source of energy Eg; cellular respiration
• store of energy Eg; glycogen
• structurally important Eg; cellulose

Question 21

glucose + glucose=

Answer 21

maltose

Question 22

glucose + fructose=

Answer 22

sucrose

Question 23

glucose + lactose=

Answer 23

galactose

Question 24

3 examples of polysaccharide

Answer 24

cellulose
starch (amylopectin & amylose)
glycogen

Question 25

functions of monosaccharides

Answer 25

source of energy in respiration building blocks for polymers

Question 26

functions of disaccharides

Answer 26

sugar found in germinating seeds mammal milk sugar sugar store

Question 27

functions of polysaccharides

Answer 27

energy storage structure of cell walls

Question 28

what is the name for glucose as it is being stored

Answer 28

glycogen

Question 29

properties of cellulose

Answer 29

- main structural sugar in plants - cell wall - very strong -permeable to numerous substances - 33% of plant matter - most common organic compound on earth - straight chain

Question 30

what are 2 forms of starch

Answer 30

amylopectin and amylose

Question 31

what elements are found in lipids

Answer 31

Carbon , hydrogen and oxygen but the proportion of oxygen is low compared to carbs

Question 32

name some types of lipids

Answer 32

triglycerides phospholipids wax steroids

Question 33

what are 3 functions of lipids

Answer 33

source of energy that can be respired store of energy insulting layer

Question 34

why is a lipid not a polymer

Answer 34

lipids are not just a chain of repeating subunits

Question 35

what elements do proteins contain

Answer 35

carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen and sometimes sulfur

Question 36

functions of proteins

Answer 36

- cell growth and repair - structure carrier molecules ( antibodies, enzymes, hormones)

Question 37

what elements do nucleic acids contain

Answer 37

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous.

Question 38

functions of nucleic acids

Answer 38

-carry the genetic code - control of all cellular processes