Monoclonal Antibody Flashcards
What are monoclonal antibodies?
Single type of antibody that can be isolated and cloned produced from a single group of genetically identical B-cells and are a type of cancer cell,complementary to a specific antigen.(to fight infections)
What are monoclonal antibody uses?
-Pregnancy test kits(test for HCG which is a protein urine which pregnant women produced more when pregnant)
-Elisa test (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay)used to detect the presence and quantity of a protein
-radio immuno therapy
What type of immune response do they provide?
Passive as your body doesn’t Create an immune response or create antibodies ,and artificial as your body is injected with antibodies.
Explain the use of MAB in radio immunotherapy.
-linking a radioactive atom/s to monoclonal antibody ,delivering radioactivity by being complementary to antigen found on cancer cells
-so doctors can concentrate radiation at tumour sites reducing amount of radiation that reaches healthy cells
-so they can find tumour
Explain the use of MAB in pregnancy tests.
Elisa test
-pee is placed on the stick which sticks out
-and the mobilised antibody in control zone have coloured beads attached to them and are complementary to HCg in urine if there is of course forming
HCG-antibody complex
-travelling up the stick there are immobilised antibodies which further bind with HCg which has been bound to mobilised antibody creating 1st line
-a 3rd antibody is immobilised and complementary to 1st antibody creating 2nd blue line (to see if it works)
Describe the Use of MAB in Elisa
ELISA is a method used to detect the presence of specific proteins, including enzymes:
Coating: The target protein (enzyme in this case) is attached to a surface, like a plate.
Binding: A sample containing the enzyme (antibody) is added to the plate. If the enzyme is present, it binds to the coated surface.
Detection: An enzyme-linked antibody is introduced, which binds specifically to the enzyme. This creates a detectable signal, often a color change, indicating the presence of the enzyme.
Explain the indirect ELISA test on testing if patient has antibodies to HIV
-HIV antigens are bound to bottom of reaction vessel
-a blood plasma sample is added to the vessel
-any HIV present antibodies present in blood bind to HIV antigens
-these HIV-specific antibodies are known as the primary antibodies
(Wash out for any unbound ones)
-the secondary antibody is the enzyme linked one,which binds to primary antibody(wash to remove any unbound secondary antibodies)
It is important to avoid false positive test results even if they were no primary antibodies
-2ndary antibody
a solution containing a substrate colour changing enzyme is added anf coloured product is produced if they were any secondary antibodies bound to plate
-Cause solution in reaction vessel to change colour so patient has HIV specific antibodies this they are infected.
What is the difference in indirect and direct ELISA test.
Direct:uses 1 antibody complementary to antigen being tested
Indirect: uses 2 different antibodies know as primary and secondary antibodies
